Contemporary Issue In Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contemporary Issue In Marketing - Essay Example This report mainly focuses on relationship marketing, its importance in the modern business scenario and connection of relationship with technological innovation and discussion regarding the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC). Lastly, a conclusion and recommendation is made regarding the close connectivity between these three aspects. Relational marketing In the last few decades, the marketing theories have experienced a colossal shift in both theories and practices of marketing. Relationship marketing is a developing network paradigm that recognises that global competition occurs between networks of organizations. In the context of relationship marketing, Morgan and Hunt (1994) have suggested the Commitment and Trust Theory that involves all types of relational exchanges. The researchers have argued that the central concept of relationship marketing rotates around those that distinguish an effective and productive relational exchange from those that are ineffective and unprodu ctive. There are several factors that contribute towards the success or failure of relationship marketing effort. These scholars have stressed on trust and commitment that makes significant contribution. They theorised that relationship trust and commitment is the key to successful relationship marketing. These two aspects help the marketer in preserving relationship by cooperating with the partners, resisting their attraction towards short-term benefits in the hope to reap long-term ones by staying with the existing partners and looking at high-risk actions as prudent. Figure 1 (Source: Morgan and Hunt, 1994) Another research scholar, Reichheld and Sasser (1990), have stressed on the fact that there are very few companies who have succeeded in providing the service commitment made by them to the customers. For service companies, scrap heap signifies customers who are not going to come back. If the companies start measuring this scrap heap, they will realise that this scarp cost the m heavily and ardent steps are needed to be taken in order to reduce the same. This will make them strive for â€Å"zero defects† in their quality movement and guiding light for making the organization gain profitability and achieve it soon. They have suggested that customer defection leads to a powerful impact on the bottom line. The company’s market share, profit, unit cost and many other factors related to competitive advantage are expected to be impacted positively. This strengthening and lengthening of relationship is expected to increase profit by 100 percent, by 5 percent retention of the existing customers. Technology development Computing technology is an omnipresent aspect that encompasses both personal lives of an individual and organizational framework. In order to understand the outcomes, resulting from technology acceptance, several theoretical models has been proposed such as, technology acceptance model (TAM) and innovation diffusion theory. The TAM is hugely recognised as robust but with parsimonious conceptualization. Based on the theory of reasoned action, it has been argued by TAM that the behaviour of IT acceptance can be explained, based on the belief of the individual, regarding the ease of use and usefulness of IT. On the other hand, the innovation diffus

Social Security Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Security Programs - Essay Example President Roosevelt served the United States army during World War II (Ssa.gov, n.d.). It was before 1930’s that supporting the elder people was a federal concern and not of the family (Ssa.gov, n.d.). It was on January 17, 1935 President Roosevelt sent a message to congress asking for the implementation of social security legislation (Ssa.gov, n.d.). It was because of this man’s effort and move that the bill was passed. On august 15, 1935 he signed the social security act into making it a part of law (Ssa.gov, n.d.). The act was the solution for all the old age people. It was a solution for a old-age pension. It was supported from the taxes and employer’s payroll rather than from the government funds. The act not only provided benefit to the old people but it also helped the children (Ssa.gov, n.d.). Those people who are blind and provide family health programs. As a result of these all benefits, the act bought some challenges to the administration (Ssa.gov, n.d.). The act also encouraged the citizens to get them registered. As the policies and the government is changing who just want to get benefit. The government doesn’t want to support its citizens and want to feed themselves (Goss, 2010). A recent survey which has been made to see how much benefit does people get from this act, it was nil. People who were included in the surveys were the retired sector of the economy that was near to face poverty. They answered, this act never provided benefit to us and we are in a very bad situation. Things are not looking positive for the social security program. The future is negative and has many threats. The trust funds reserve will run out around 2030. The funds that were collected by the taxes and payrolls will end up and eventually do no good to the citizens. The act which was specially made to provide support to the deserving people is doing nothing for its citizens anymore. The reasons may include the demographic changes that are occurring all over the

Breaking Barriers to Healthcare with ICT

Breaking Barriers to Healthcare with ICT Abu Ayub Ansari Introduction Health is the fundamental right of every citizen of a country. ICT is an important facility to access to healthcare service in both urban and rural areas. ICT may defined as technological system of communication, dissemination, storage, formation and management of information (1). Use of ICT in developing countries like Bangladesh is increasing day by day. ICT basically based on computers, internet system, telecommunication and highly modified technology. ICT health service also known as Electronic health, which is consist of m health, telemedicine, telepaths and help to breaking the access barrier by education, communication, helpline, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, tracking etc (2). Developing country like Bangladesh, MDG works to achieve Universal Health Coverage. Three MDG goals (goal-4, goal-5 and goal-6) basically take attention to health. Based on performance of ICT, developmental organization like- OECD, SIDA and DFID agreed that ICD initiates great policies in health programme to achieving MDG (3). Greater coverage of healthcare and easily accessibility now a days ICT is the most advanced technology. For taking history of patients faster, minimize adverse action of drug and for expert opinion now a days M-health is one of the popular healthcare services. Study objective How ICD breaking the access barrier of healthcare service. Methodology 1. A search for published literature in the last 10 years for any intervention dealing with ICT in a health service, where relationship with ICT and health , was conducted by electronic databases Pub Med and Global Health, as well as Google scholar for literature from the internet. 2. A scientific study was performed of published and grey literature. Literature was searched through the databases of PubMed, Medline and other journals, over the period 2005–2015. Relevant web sites were also consulted, such as those of Local government, Bilateral organization and NGO involved in research or interventions in performance. 3. Analysis of some YouTube video about ICT, e-Health, m-Health related with health service. 4. Total 14 article work were gathered and reviewed and only 10 articles and 1 YouTube video were cited in this scientific writing. Finding and Discussion Rural residency is a barrier that hampered to access health service. ICT developed a very good network for rural communities. Such as Grammen Telecom provide collaboration with health specialist of Diabetic Association Bangladesh to provide health service. So now it is easy to take expert opinion for treatment (4). Despite of rural residency people easily access health service without interruption. So in community level people easily can receive intervention without going to the urban area with the help of ICT. High treatment cost is great burden in LMICs like Bangladesh. Many poor people cannot properly access health service high cost of treatment .In Bangladesh, 6 mobile operators make agreements to TRCL to provide healthcare service. Everyday more than 10 thousand call received by doctors of mobile company and give conservative treatment which is easy and cheap to access (5). So for conservative treatment, ICT make the basic treatment so cheap, so people of LMICs easily access the healthcare service according to their need. For language barrier people from rural communities faces some difficulties to receive treatment. They not properly express themselves to the service provider and service provider are unable to understand to them treatment regimen. Telemedine not provide only treatment also refer to tertiary centre or specialized care during emergency by using local language (6). So using local language patients also share their problem and received treatment. In rural communities for family binding and social tiers women not properly access health services during ante natal period by visit the physician. MAMA APONJON is a mobile massage service to give ante natal advice by dialling 16227. After delivery mother were also dont take proper care to his children due to illiteracy. this service also give information about breast feeding, weaning and immunization (7). So without go outside a mother can receive all necessary information during and after pregnancy easy and continent way. E-Health basically monitors epidemic and outbreak reach by a expert monitoring network. Monitoring team always monitor the geo- spatial area and connected with the surveillance centre. So people will early aware about epidemic and take precaution and appropriate management (8). So access to E- health many lives saves from epidemic outbreak of disease. Both rural and urban area privacy problem is one of the barriers to access health service. E- health maintains a to properly maintain privacy of the patient and ownership will not addressed (9). In religious country like Bangladesh, females can easily access health service by maintaining privacy. Parents were not always aware about child immunization and sometimes forget. ICT provide effective immunization system and reminds parents time to time for immunization (10). Illiterate parents can also access immunization for their children. Conclusion- Healthcare service of developing country improved day by day. After this development people were not properly access health service due to some social and environmental factor. ICT advances system of health service delivery so people can access health service by breaking the barrier. ICT maintain communication with rural communities and provide health information. Cost and process of service delivery is very cheap and convenient so people easily can access the health service. It has also provide emergency treatment by refer to tertiary centre and maintain privacy every sector for easy accessibility. ICT also monitor epidemic area and alert people during outbreak, so people can take appropriate action to save lives and live hood. Recommendation- Effective introduction and implementation of ICT in rural community especially women so they can easily access this service. Give more resource to ICT as well as strengthen of ICT system. Give more training and professional education to ICT monitoring team. Active engagement of student in primary level of education. Proper maintains of accountability and responsiveness of service provider of ICT. In Bangladesh 75% of people live in rural area and but only 25% doctor provide service in this area, which is also not properly cover entire community(11). So, Government, bilateral organization, NGO should work together to better monitoring, implementation and strengthen of ICT system and correlate with health system according to priority of people , so people easily can access the health service any time, every palace without financial hardship. References 1. Ashraf M, Ansari NL. Evaluating the impact of mobile phone based â€Å" health help line † service in rural Bangladesh. :1–13. 2. Chowdhury MMH. e-Health in Bangladeshà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯: Current Status , Challenges , and Future Direction. 2014;4(2):87–96. 3. Secretary SA. Role of ICTs in the Health Sector in Developing Countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯: A Critical Review of Literature. 2011;197–208. 4. Nessa A, Ameen MA, Ullah S, Kwak KS. Applicability of Telemedicine in Bangladeshà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯: Current Status and Future Prospects. 2008;948–53. 5. Jahan S, Chowdhury MMH. Assessment of Present Health Status in Bangladesh and the Applicability of E-health in Healthcare Servicesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯: A Survey of Patients ’ Expectation toward E-health. 2014;2(6):121–4. 6. Chowdhury MMH, Satter AKMZ. The Role of E-Governance in Creating Digital Bangladesh. 2012;4(6):24–33. 7. Aponjon Overview [Internet]. [cited 2015 Jun 27]. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2je5iZCiLg 8. O KS, Awodele O, O OS. ICTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯: An Effective Tool in Human Development. 2012;2(7):157–62. 9. Juma K, Nahason M, Apollo W, Gregory W, Patrick O. Current Status of E-Health in Kenya and Emerging Global Research Trends. 2012;2(1):50–4. 10. Makaza D, Madzima K, Olatokun WM. Editorialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯: ICT in education and in promoting health Stewart Marshall The University of the West Indies , Barbados , West Indies Wal Taylor Cape Peninsula University of Technology , Cape Town , South Africa. 2008;4(2):2–4. 11. Avento N, Sultana T. Potentialities of E-health in Bangladeshà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯: Cooperation from Japan.

The Effects of Nuclear Weapons Essay -- Nuclear Weapons Essays

The Effects of Nuclear Weapons The United States is the most powerful country in the World. They have the biggest army, navy, and airforce, but that is not why other countries fear them. The reason the United States is feared, is because of its nuclear capabilities. The United States has the power to blow up the entire World without even using half of their nuclear bombs. Having all of this nuclear power is good, because it prevents other countries from trying to go to war with the United States. The problem with these bombs is that in order to make sure they work, the United States has to test them. There is only one way to test a nuclear bomb, and that is by letting it off. When they test these bombs, it send radiation flying through the air, causing many innocent civilians to get severely sick, and even die. Not only do these bombs effect humans, but they also effect the wildlife. When these bombs are sent off in the ocean, they kill many fish, and also plant life. Some fish don't die and then are con taminated with the radiation For years the government has been testing Nuclear Weapons to make sure that they work, incase we ever have to use them. It is a good idea to make sure that our country is protected, but is it worth killing American citizens in the process. The idea for a Nuclear Bomb came into the picture, during World War II. The code name for the project to create it was the Manhattan Project. It was named for the Manhattan Engineer District of the US Army Corps of Engineers, because much of the early research was done in New York City. In 1942 General Leslie Groves was chosen to lead the project, and he immediately purchased a site at Oak Ridge, Tennessee for facilities to separate the necessary ur... ...Nagasaki, in order to end WW II, and to save American lives at the same time. The question remains, just how many American live were saved, if you add up all of the people that died from the nuclear testing that followed after the war? Works Cited: 1. Manhattan Project. "The Story." www.gis.net/~carter/manhattan/thestory.html. 2. "Atomic Bomb – Truman Press Release – August 6, 1945. www.trumanlibrary.org/teaching/abomb.htm#further. 3. York, The Advisor, p. 77. 4. Michael Marchino, "A Wrongful Death," Progressive, November 1980, pp. 9-10. 5. Atomic Veterans’ Newsletter, November/December 1979, p. 7 6. Ralph E. Lapp, The Voyage of the Lucky Dragon (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1958), pp. 81-83. 7. Robert C. Pendleton, et al. "Iodine-131 in Utah During July and August 1962, "Science, August 16, 1963, pp. 640-642.

Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle in Indonesian School at a Glance Essay

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION A. Abstract We are astronauts—all of us. We ride a spaceship called Earth on its endless journey around the sun. This ship of ours is blessed with life-support systems so ingenious that they are self-renewing, so massive that they can supply the needs of billions. Unfortunately for centuries we have taken them for granted, considering their capacity limitless. At last we have begun to monitor the systems, and the findings are deeply disturbing. Scientists and government officials of entire world countries agree that we are in trouble. Unless we stop abusing our vital life-support systems, they will fail. We must maintain them, or pay the penalty. The penalty is death. Air, water, and land—those are the systems. On land, nature moves full circle. Living things are nourished there, grow old and die, then decompose to enrich the land again. A thin envelope of air surrounds the planet. We use its oxygen, exhaling carbon dioxide, which vegetation absorbs. Plants use the carbon for growth by the marvelous process called photosynthesis, and return oxygen to the atmosphere. Thus nature’s delicate balance is maintained. Most states today are ill equipped to monitor the thousands of air-pollution sources within their borders and because corrective measures can be tremendously expensive, years may pass before a factory stops spouting black smoke. Virtually every scientist we listened to—and they numbered in the dozens—emphasized that mankind must control population growth. They forecast widespread famine if population soars unchecked. Plagues, too—for in the metropolitan sprawl of the future there will no longer be sparsely settled buffer zones around cities to curb epidemics. What are the priorities? Most ecologists answered something like this: clean up the most threatened areas first. Work to unsnarl the fragmented, overlapping responsibility on national, state, and local levels. Focus research on finding environmental answers—there is so much yet to be learned. Be realistic about immediate goals. At least for now, settle for making a river clean enough to serve its particular purpose. Later, it can be made to be clean enough to drink. Get practical, enforceable pollution laws passed—standardized ones that will apply to both sides of a river, for instance, when it flows between two states. Before using a new chemical, explore for side effects, and when a new product is developed, plan for its ultimate disposal. Work toward recycling; one factory’s industrial waste can be another plan’s raw material, and make each individual aware of the problems—same like his role in solving them. This is the main problem among us who are living over this earth, how to control the production flow of goods and reutilize it well after it has been out of its usefulness period, how we could be innovative and creative in making the best use of our own belongings, unravel our industry wastes by processing it well, recycling it to be more useful good, and the most important that is inuring ourselves with reverting process to the natural resources and lifestyles. B. SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo’s Project From the abstraction given above, we can deduce that the conservation on natural ecology and surroundings is very eminent to keep the environment’s balance safe. It is all above that influences SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo to try developing high-ranking eco-school environment. The school management party has deemed for the better school worthy-life by arranging a pledge educative projects thru finalizing annual plan of eco-school improvement which is based on green living principles. From the middle of 2004, SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo has formulated some strategic programs that are able to give lots of advantages for the school’s citizens’ lives. CHAPTER 2 POINT OF VIEW A. General Decisive Idea of 3R 1. Reduce Reduce is a behavior or an action of the costumers that is able to alleviate the production of wastes, such as the usage of biodegradable bag as the substitute of non-biodegradable plastic bag and maximizing the best use of moor-land. 2. Reuse Reuse is utilizing the waste directly and advancing it without any recycling process. The reuse process can be efficiently applied well not only on the organic wastes recycling only, but also on the nonorganic wastes. The application of reusing process, for example: a. The residual waste of food producing can be advantaged as the food for animal. b. The former tires can be used again and processed to be other unique utensils and various shape of furniture. c. The residual product of furniture constructing process is able to be benefitted as useful handicrafts, such as little bag, sandals, tissue-pot, etc. 3. Recycle Recycle is processing and reusing materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products. In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process. It decreases the amount of land needed for trash dumps by reducing the volume of discarded waste. Recycling can be done internally (within a company) or externally (after a product is sold and used). In the paper industry, for example, internal recycling occurs when leftover stock and trimmings are salvaged to help make more new product. Since the recovered material never left the manufacturing plant, the final product is said to contain pre-consumer waste. External recycling occurs when materials used by the customer are returned for processing into new products. Materials ready to be recycled in this manner, such as empty beverage containers, are called postconsumer waste. B. 3R Campaign in SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo 1. The Motive of the Campaign The campaign of 3R’s implementation in SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo has some important motives, such as: a. SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo initially has a personal cogitation to develop a green society in school thru improving the students’ comprehension of 3R campaign. b. The school management wants to make an eco-activity of teaching and learning process in the school by benefiting no longer unused goods at school, like the former papers, second hand books, and materials trace. c. SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo is perking the new projects up to build eco-friendly constructed buildings in a vacant area, because SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo is being on a period of developing school’s building. d. The stakeholders of the school intend to put 3R slogan into action thru arranging the 3R’s Application School Annual Program. e. The citizen of the school has been cognizant that recycling conserves natural resources by reducing the need for new material. Some natural resources are renewable, meaning they can be replaced, and some are not. Paper, corrugated board, and other paper products come f rom renewable timber sources. Trees harvested to make those products can be replaced by growing more trees. Iron and aluminum come from nonrenewable ore deposits. Once a deposit is mined, it cannot be replaced. 2. The Aim of Practicing 3R In the practice of campaigning 3R program, SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo has a lot of aims that would be achieved, viz.: a. Grooming green society students in the school. b. Putting 3R implementation as an eco-educational culture of the school. This would be expected to give a high-standardized appraisal of the surroundings. c. Reducing a lot of second hand belongings and recycling them to be more advantageous goods. d. Keeping the planted-tree areas in eyes, so the school will be a green and eco-friendly place to have a teaching and learning process. 3. The Implementations Year by year, SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo always refurbishes various school programs to flesh the school citizens’ desires out as a part of global innovative society. The programs of which SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo has amended, for example: a. Recycling Contest This was an annual contest who involved entire classroom’s member as the participants. They worked together to make a creative design of former plastics-fabricated thing and put it into a real good. For the further imaginings, the school had brought theme â€Å"Fashionable Clothes† last year. Each class was given a duty to send a model who worn the recycled-plastics clothes and performed it in front of their friends. This year, the school raised interesting theme up to draw the students for participating, that was â€Å"Monumental Building†. It was out of mind that the students were able to construct astonishing varieties, like Eiffel tower, Noah’s ship, the statue of Ganesha, Neuschwanstein Castle, mosque, military tank, etc. b. Wall Magazine Competition This competition was initially held in purpose of amending the students’ creativity in designing reused-trashes. The wall magazine was created from trashy papers, dried tree-branches and leaves, shoddy cardboards, etc. Every class had to create a wide wall magazine which took natural materials as the main substance. This natural wall magazine would be displayed in front of each class of which the wall magazine belonged to. This creative idea got superbly high appreciation from the people outside the school. c. Recycling Plastic As the Main Material Plastic was used in almost every school utensils, but alas plastics are more difficult to recycle than metal, paper, or glass. One arduous problem faced was that the school got some difficulties in recycling plastics by shredding it into flakes and then melting the flakes into pellets. The final decision that had been taken was the school would redraw the plastics on by creating numerous innovative things, such as: the resave-able bags, comfortable sandals, handicrafts, simple garbage cans, seedling pots, etc., which the entire entities were made from plastic waste. d. Reusing the Organic Trashes The organic trashes, such as dried leaves, branches, roots, etc., were benefitted to be organic fertilizer like compos which were processed well by a modern machine. Besides those tree components, another real reusing process could be observed at the stationery that had been used. For example, the teachers uttered simple instructions to the students for doing the homework given by doing it on the no longer useless paper, like old carton, former paper-packing, scrapped paper, etc. C. Result of the 3R Campaign The result of the 3R campaign’s real implementations in SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo gave a lot of benefit for the school’s citizen. The result of campaigning 3R slogan for specifically: 1. The students love planting herbals and houseplants at home and school. Nowadays they are keen on campaigning a grooming green society program thru filling the school’s wall magazine with news and recently info about the conservations on environment, updating the postings in social medias about the real fact of our latest earth’s condition, and inducing the students to conserve school environments by broadening persuasive slogans among the school citizens. 2. The school management – not long ago – has decreed the regulations to give the best treatment to the school environment. It was very useful to realize the school’s project. 3. The school’s citizen is nowadays fond of recycling the school wastes to be expedient goods, especially handicrafts. 4. The school environment is cleaner than before. There are lots of mini-parks in every school corner. They are very worthwhile for the students who are yearning for comfortable self-learning. 5. There are some student movements that have been created who have main duty as prime mover or activator in treating the continuousness of the green school environs. CHAPTER 3 CULMINATION A. Conclusion From the entire explanations above, we can take some conclusions that is to say: 1. Grooming green society in school is very important because it will give lots of advantages to the school’s citizen. 2. Our allegiance in treating the stability of the nature depends on how we show a good attitude in growing the natural environment up. 3. SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo has tried various endeavors in treating the eco-school surroundings by campaigning 3R slogans’ enactments that were applied to the students and entire school’s citizens. 4. The 3R Application Campaign held by SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo has been done effectively and thru the real implementations, it gave natural balance atmosphere in the school. The shool became greener, cooler, and the air was fresher. 5. The 3R Application Campaign in SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo was supported by students’ movements who desired to spread the allurements in flourishing environs’ stability. 6. The crusading movement of 3R slogan applications done by SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo had involved every school students, so it could be precisely concluded that those tangible endeavors were efficacious and thoroughly successful. B. Suggestion For the other parties who have so much desire to take 3R Application Campaign in action like what SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo has applied, it is advisable to them to be exact: 1. Practicing 3R slogan one by one. Don’t directly apply 3R slogan thoroughly if we consider that we don’t be capable to practice it. 2. Seeking for the other parties’ supports, so we could be easier to take a step forward. 3. Learning the fully environmental eruditions by root, so when we are campaigning about 3R Application, we have comprehended and committed to memorize well everything about go-green movement and environs-treating.

Principle of Tourism 2

. Transportation Tourism Attractions TOUR OPERATORGOVERNMENT Accommodation and Food and Beverage Transportation Travel Agency 2. ? 1950, there are 25 million tourist arrivals around the world? 2007 to 903 million in? Forecasted by 2010 1 billion? Forecasted by 2020 1. 6 billion by 2020. 3. ? The World Bank 2005 estimates, 1. 4 billion people are living in the poverty line.? New threshold for extreme poverty using the 2005 prices is now pegged at $1. 25.? The multiplier effect is experienced on other industries like handicrafts, agriculture, fisheries and transport. 4. Acts as intermediaries for the customers. They broker on behalf of the tourist from accommodation to tour operators. They receive commissions from their suppliers such as hotels, food and beverage establishments and tour operators as well as earn their revenues from their principal (customers). 5. ? Business travelers? Leisure travelers? International travelers. 6. ? The concept of travel agency started in 1841, when Th omas Cook (father of travel agencies) signed up 570 people to accompany him to a packaged travel from Leicester to Loughborough that included board and lodging arrangements. . ? Miniples ? Similar businesses to independents but they have more branches and usually a head office in a local area ? The different branches may trade under different names ? Other small independents may be bought up and added to the miniple 8. ? Multiples ? Private companies usually with a high street presence in most UK towns and cities ? Part of large organisations which trade in other areas of travel and tourism ? Many customers attracted by large discounts 9. Independent ? These are private companies that have one or a few branches, often close to each other. ? Cater to a niche market. ? Rely on repeat business from satisfied customers 10. ? Mega travel agencies, as the name denotes is based on their size and scope. These are large travel agencies that own and control all aspects of their operations. Th ey provide complete travel services that include transportation, accommodation and others related to the needs of their clients. 11. Consortiums are group of travel agents who formed an association to maximize buying power and sharing of technology.? Independent travel agencies are small-scale businesses that cater to a specific niche like corporate travel services or specialized travel needs 12. ? The Philippine Travel Agencies Association (PTAA) was founded through the union of the national associations of the outbound travel agencies and inbound tour operators in 1979.? Founded to foster unity in the travel industry and to promote the welfare of its members and the travelling public as well. 3. ? Typically creates and combines products from the value chain of travel and tour. For example, the package created may include airline (transportation), Hotel (accommodation) and a tourism attraction all in one price.? Tour operators may sell these products to travel agencies who act as r epresentatives of the principal (customer). 14. ? The training program is designed to produce individuals who will guide DOT visitors by presenting the country in the best possible light in an interesting, intelligent & engaging manner.

10K Training Schedule Essay

10K Training Schedule Essay 10K Training Schedule Essay Critical Perspectives on Accounting 20 (2009) 875–883 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Critical Perspectives on Accounting journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cpa Understanding accounting through conceptual metaphor: ACCOUNTING IS AN INSTRUMENT? Joel Amernic a,âˆâ€" , Russell Craig b a b Joseph L. Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E6, Canada Department of Accounting and Information Systems, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 2 November 2008 Received in revised form 17 June 2009 Accepted 26 June 2009 Keywords: Accounting Entailments Metaphor Conceptual Instrument a b s t r a c t This paper extends the conversation about metaphors in accounting that were presented in this journal by McGoun et al. [McGoun EG, Bettner MS, Coyne MP. Pedagogic metaphors and the nature of accounting signiï ¬ cation. Critical Perspectives on Accounting 2007a;18:213–30; McGoun EG, Bettner MS, Coyne MP. Money n’ motion- born to be wild. Critical Perspectives on Accounting;2007b;18:343–61.]. Our aim is to promote further critical conversations about how metaphor is implicated in accounting. We assemble and review some of the empirical evidence we have gathered from close readings of discourse about accounting over the past decade. Based on this empirical grounding, we propose that the fundamental conceptual metaphor, ACCOUNTING IS AN INSTRUMENT, has been deployed commonly to describe the essence of accounting. We contend that such deployment has insidious, distortive and confounding outcomes because it encourages belief that accounting is incapable of reporting other than with representational faithfulness; and that it confounds the (alleged) primary qualitative characteristics of accounting information (relevance and reliability) outlined in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s SFAC 2 Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting.  © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Aims, scope, motivation We respond to a lament by Cornelissen (2005, p. 751) that â€Å"works on metaphor . . . are still falling short in offering an informed and grounded account of metaphor’s workings† [italics applied]. As with McGoun et al. (2007a), our objective is to improve understanding of the way metaphors are implicated in accounting. However, we differ from McGoun et al. (2007a) in two important ways. First, we focus on the workings of metaphor in accounting, as revealed by empirical evidence. Second, we conceive the ACCOUNTING IS A LENS metaphor as an element of a broader, more encompassing conceptual metaphor: ACCOUNTING IS AN INSTRUMENT. We adopt the view that accounting is a language-like discipline involving ï ¬ gurative expressions and other elusive and perplexing modes of communication. As such, it is ideological, and an important means of persuasion- it is a form of â€Å"writing† which yields â€Å"no access to reality other than through structures of representation† (Robson, 1992, p. 690). One such â€Å"structure of representation† is metaphor. Critical examination of accounting knowledge should involve â€Å"not only the employment of literary, rhetorical and discursive analyses, but require[s] interpretation of the . . . consequences that ï ¬â€šow from the operation of . . . metaphors† (Robson, 1992, pp. 703–4). âˆâ€" Corresponding author. E-mail address: Amernic@rotman.utoronto.ca (J. Amernic). 1045-2354/$ – see front matter  © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.cpa.2009.06.004 876 J. Amernic, R. Craig / Critical Perspectives on Accounting 20 (2009) 875–883 We draw on a widely accepted theory of metaphor (Lakoff, 1993) and the cognitive semantics paradigm (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980, 1999; Gibbs, 1994, 1996) to contend that the â€Å"metaphors accounting lives by† are worthy of further investigation. We maintain that awareness of the metaphorical structure of

TQM essays

TQM essays The central concern point of this research is total quality management. Development of quality management, sampling quality management methods, pioneering gurus ideas, cross-cultural issues and determinate different interpretations of these emerging approaches to quality in global operations. What we understand from total quality? The concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) was developed by an American, W. Edwards Deming, after World War II for improving the production quality of goods and services however concept was not taken seriously by Americans until the Japanese, who adopted it in 1950 to resurrect their post war business and industry, used it to dominate world markets by 1980. Between 1889 and 1910, the United States underwent major and rapid industrialisation, including the creation of the firs large corporations. Directing affords of workers with little knowledge of English language, few job skills and no experience of the disciplined work of a factory was key organisational problems. Fredirick Taylor and Henry Ford developed and implemented their ideas. His objectives of ideas were to achieve Effiency, by increasing the output per worker and reducing deliberate under working by employees. Predictability, of job performance-standardizing tasks b dividing them up into small and closely specified sub task Control, by establishing discipline thorough hierarchical autory and introducing a system whereby all managements policy decisions could be implemented. Fords goal was continuous improvement rather than the one best way. Fords objective was to increase his control by reducing or eliminating uncertainty. Among his major innovations were: Analysis of jobs using time and motion techniques; installation of single-purpose machine tools to manufacture standardized part; introduction of the assembly line; timing based on time and compulsory operational methods; centralized engineer...

A History of Bow and Arrow Technology

A History of Bow and Arrow Technology Bow and arrow hunting (or archery) is a technology first developed by early modern humans in Africa, perhaps as long as 71,000 years ago. Archaeological evidence shows that the technology was certainly used by humans during the Howiesons Poort phase of Middle Stone Age Africa, between 37,000 and 65,000 years ago; recent evidence at South Africas Pinnacle Point cave tentatively pushes the initial use back to 71,000 years ago. However, there is no evidence that the bow and arrow technology was used by people who migrated out of Africa until the Late Upper Paleolithic or Terminal Pleistocene, at most 15,000-20,000 years ago. The oldest surviving organic elements of bows and arrows only date to the Early Holocene of about 11,000 years ago. Africa: Middle Stone Age, 71,000 years ago.Europe and Western Asia: Late Upper Paleolithic, although there are no UP rock art paintings of archers and the oldest arrow shafts date to the Early Holocene, 10,500 BP; the earliest bows in Europe are from the bog site of Stellmor in Germany, where 11,000 years ago someone lost a pine arrow shaft with nocks in the end.Japan / Northeast Asia: Terminal Pleistocene.North / South America: Terminal Pleistocene. Making a Bow and Arrow Set Based on modern-day San Bushmen bow-and-arrow manufacture, existing bows and arrows curated in South African museums as well as archaeological evidence for Sibudu Cave, Klasies River Cave, and Umhlatuzana Rockshelter in South Africa, Lombard and Haidle (2012) operationalized the basic process of making a bow and arrows. To make a bow and a set of arrows, the archer needs stone tools (scrapers, axes, woodworking adzes, hammerstones, tools for straightening and smoothing wooden shafts, flint for making fire), a container (ostrich eggshell in South Africa) for carrying water, ochre mixed with resin, pitch, or tree gum for adhesives, fire for blending and setting the adhesives, tree saplings, hardwood and reeds for the bow stave and arrow shafts, and animal sinew and plant fiber for binding material. The technology for making a bow stave is close to that of making a wooden spear (first made by Homo heidelbergensis more than 300,000 years ago); but the differences are that instead of straightening a wooden lance, the archer needs to bend the bow stave, string the bow, and treat the stave with adhesives and fat to prevent splitting and cracking. How Does It Compare to Other Hunting Technologies? From a modern standpoint, the bow and arrow technology  is definitely a leap forward from lance and atlatl (spear thrower) technology. Lance technology involves a long spear which is used to thrust at prey. An atlatl is a separate piece of bone, wood or ivory, that acts as a lever to increase the power and speed of a throw: arguably, a leather strap attached to the end of a lance spear might be a technology between the two. But bow and arrow technology has a number of technological advantages over lances and atlatls. Arrows are longer-range weapons, and the archer needs less space. To fire off an atlatl successfully, the hunter needs to stand in big open spaces and be highly visible to his/her prey; arrow hunters can hide behind bushes and shoot from a kneeling position. Atlatls and spears are limited in their repeatability: a hunter can carry one spear and maybe as many as three darts for an atlatl, but a quiver of arrows can include a dozen or more shots. To Adopt or Not to Adopt Archaeological and ethnographic evidence suggests that these technologies were rarely mutually exclusive- groups combined spears and atlatls and bows and arrows with nets, harpoons, deadfall traps, mass-kill kites, and buffalo jumps, and many other strategies as well. People vary their hunting strategies based on the prey being sought, whether it is big and dangerous or wily and elusive or marine, terrestrial or airborne in nature. The adoption of new technologies can profoundly affect the way a society is constructed or behaves. Perhaps the most important difference is that lance and atlatl hunting are group events, collaborative processes that are successful only if they include a number of family and clan members. In contrast, bow and arrow hunting can be achieved with just one or two individuals. Groups hunt for the group; individuals for the individual families. That is a profound social change, affecting almost every aspect of life including who you marry, how big is your group, and how status is conveyed. One issue that might also have affected the adoption of the technology may be that bow and arrow hunting simply has a longer training period than atlatl hunting. Brigid Grund (2017) examined records from modern competitions for atlatl (Atlatl Association International Standard Accuracy Contest) and archery (Society for Creative Anachronism InterKingdom Archery Competition). She discovered an individuals atlatl scores increase steadily, showing improvement in skill within the first few years. Bow hunters, however, do not begin to approach maximum skill until the fourth or fifth year of competition. The Great Technology Shift There is much to be understood in the processes of how technology changed and indeed which technology came first. The earliest atlatl we have dates to the Upper Paleolithic, only 20,000 years ago: the South African evidence is quite clear that bow and arrow hunting is much older still. But archaeological evidence being what it is, we still dont really know the complete answer about the dates of hunting technologies and we may never have a better definition of when the inventions occurred than at least as early as. People adapt to technologies for reasons other than just because something is new or shiny. Every new technology is characterized by its own costs and benefits for the task at hand. Archaeologist Michael B. Schiffer referred to this as application space: that the level of adoption of a new technology depends on the number and variety of tasks that it could be used on, and which it is best suited to. Old technologies are rarely completely obsoleted, and the transition period can be very long indeed. Sources Angelbeck B, and Cameron I. 2014. The Faustian bargain of technological change: Evaluating the socioeconomic effects of the bow and arrow transition in the Coast Salish past. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 36:93-109.Bradfield J. 2012. Macrofractures on bone-tipped arrows: analysis of hunter-gatherer arrows in the Fourie collection from Namibia. Antiquity 86(334):1179-1191. Brown KS, Marean CW, Jacobs Z, Schoville BJ, Oestmo S, Fisher EC, Bernatchez J, Karkanas P, and Matthews T. 2012. An early and enduring advanced technology originating 71,000 years ago in South Africa. Nature 491(7425):590-593.Callanan M. 2013. Melting snow patches reveal Neolithic archery. Antiquity 87(337):728-745.Coolidge FL, Haidle MN, Lombard M, and Wynn T. 2016. Bridging theory and bow hunting: human cognitive evolution and archaeology. Antiquity 90(349):219-228.Erlandson J, Watts J, and Jew N. 2014. Darts, Arrows, and Archaeologists: Distinguishing Dart and Arrow Points in the Archaeological Record. American Antiquity 79(1):162-169. Grund BS. 2017. Behavioral Ecology, Technology, and the Organization of Labor: How a Shift from Spear Thrower to Self Bow Exacerbates Social Disparities. American Anthropologist 119(1):104-119.Kennett DJ, Lambert PM, Johnson JR, and Culleton BJ. 2013. Sociopolitical Effects of Bow and Arrow Technology in Prehistoric Coastal California. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 22(3):124-132.Lombard M, and Haidle MN. 2012. Thinking a Bow-and-arrow Set: Cognitive Implications of Middle Stone Age Bow and Stone-tipped Arrow Technology. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 22(02):237-264.Lombard M, and Phillipson L. 2010. Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64,000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Antiquity 84(325):635–648.Whittaker JC. 2016. Levers, Not Springs: How a Spearthrower Works and Why It Matters. In: Iovita R, and Sano K, editors. Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Stone Age Weaponry. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p 65-74.

Rewriting Pension History. Some big firms move to recognize Gain or Case Study

Rewriting Pension History. Some big firms move to recognize Gain or loss in the year they occur - Case Study Example Instead, these companies would now take into account such gain as well as losses in the corresponding year of their incurrence. The mentioned companies did so, in order to make their income look superior in the upcoming years. The companies claim that the change would make their income reporting additionally transparent and that the prevalent low rate of interest made this a suitable point in time for the change in practice. The change in the practice is on the face of the criticisms for the fact that the present accounting rule can have a considerable impact on the income of the companies for years. The current accounting system concerning the pension assets are very ambiguous and do not provide any information to an investor about the gains or losses in the pension assets in a particular year. The actual gain or loss of a particular year is significantly affected due to the distribution of the previous years’ gain or loss values over a period of time. This practice propagated by Financial Accounting Standards Board does not comply with the matching principle either.  For instance, Honeywell, AT&T and Verizon had huge values of unrecognized losses as on 2009, viz. 55%, 49% and 43% of the pension assets respectively. The non-recognition of these losses on the income statement of 2009 would have an impact on the actual earnings of the companies in the coming years. Though these companies consider the latest mark-to-market strategy to be preferable due to its simplicity, the anticipated rise in the interest rates could also help their pension plans. The high rate of inter ests would lower the value of the companies’ future pension obligations due to the discounting effect. The reduced pension obligation would result in lowered interest expense to be paid by the companies and hence enhance the performance of the pension assets and lead to superior earnings. However, this change involves potential risk for the shareholders of the

What is the role of social media in the field of journalism-LITERATURE Term Paper

What is the role of social media in the field of journalism-LITERATURE REVIEW - Term Paper Example acquire more traffic especially from the young generation, media corporations have also followed their consumers onto online space by creating social media sites. Apart from generating traffic, media corporations have also embraced social media forms of journalism in a move to be at par with competitors (Kerrigan & Graham, 2010). Apart examining values of journalism, the study will also analyze its contribution to the online community. In the current generation, it would be quite unfortunate for journalism corporations not to embrace the rapidly growing technology, especially in social media. This is due to the fact that social media is of great importance to the journalism network. Embracing social media is no longer an option since it is one of those things that are a â€Å"must have† for all journalists. Unlike previous generations, the current one is quite literate and normally spends most of the time seeking information on the internet; this is clear indication that it is rare for them to get information from hard copy materials such as books, magazines and newspapers. Because of this, journalists ought to change the ways in which they relay information to the public. Since most people depend on social media for information, journalists have no option but embrace them too. Studies so far conducted show that apart from Facebook, other common social media platforms include twitter, LinkedIn and MySpace ( Oh, Agrawal & Rao, 2013). The 21st generation is quite inquisitive to the extent that it is not possible for them to wait until the next day so that they can read about a trending story. To them this is a long time for a generation normally yearning for information. Therefore, by embracing social media, journalists are in a position to post up to date information on what is trending not only in the US but also globally. By doing so, people will become interested with journalists and media corporations that post instant news hence resulting to traffic that is

Management Skills Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management Skills - Case Study Example Since decisions and plans made by the vacuum process approach normally do not consider the consequences of counter-decisions that are likely to be taken by the affected parties, this conventional approach could be possibly shortsighted. This paper will describe how the coevolutionary gaming theory facilitates the group decision making. Often a decision made on the basis of the current and historical data may bring worse outcomes if reactionary moves are not taken into account appropriately. It can be illustrated using the example of a new market entrant who plans to implement a low price strategy to dominate over the existing market players. Based on the data available, this low price strategy may seem a simple approach because it is just to trim down prices and to charge lower than what the competitors charge for the same product. However, this plan conveniently assumes that the existing market players who share the entire market will simply ignore the newcomer. What the available data do not tell is that the market leaders are in a better position to engage in a price war than the new market entrant because they will probably have a stronger financial base. Taking advantages of the economies of scale, market leaders can aggressively compete with the newcomer to the extent where they set prices below the breakeve n point of the new market entrant. At this point, the newcomer would struggle to survive because the firm’s operating expenses outweigh its sales revenues. According to Perc and Szolnoki (2010), the coevolutionary gaming approach is capable of addressing the limitation of the conventional decision making practice because when making decision and plans based on coevolutionary gaming approach, possible counter-decisions and plans of affected parties are considered, and the impacts of those reactions are well scrutinized for the purpose of making changes to the decisions and plans being developed before they are

Managing Organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Managing Organisation - Essay Example Similarly, a manager plays an effective role to understand the each aspects of the environmental factor in order to take an organization in the path of success and development (NIOS, 2012). However, social environment is one of the most important factors which influence the internal business environment to gain sustainable growth and development in the marketplace. In an organisation, a manager should have the sufficient amount of knowledge regarding psychology in order to effectively deal with the employees and for maintaining the socio-culture environment in business. Psychological knowledge is considered as a method to understand the issues related with people in the workplace. In addition, it provides measures to deal with these issues in a tactful way. The psychological knowledge plays an effective role in terms of manager development as it assists to create a psychologically healthy work environment in an organisation. With this concern, the application of psychological knowled ge by the managers in an organisation is associated with personal change and development. Furthermore, it has been observed to be useful in order to deal with social environment of an organisation. The social environment of an organisation comprises of social aspects such as traditions, customers, beliefs, values, interpersonal relationship with colleagues or peers as well as with the superiors. Therefore, it can be identified that to create a healthy working environment in an organisation without having any conflict with peers, superiors, customers as well as with the immediate followers, it is necessary to have a sufficient amount of knowledge related with the psychology to be effective and competent in near future (Lee, 1999). Similarly, an effective manager ought to be able to handle conflicts in a smooth and tactful way. The issues that can arise include health care difficulties regarding sexual harassment and/or employee disputes. On the contrary, effective managers should hav e the capability to identify the needs of an employee and reward them accordingly with various rewards and incentives which in turn is most likely to boost their morale and lead them to enhance their performance in near future. It is totally dependent upon effective managers to create circumstances under which employees experience friendly and competitive working environment. Thus, a manager requires an adequate knowledge of psychology to survive successfully in the competitive environment (Wirth, 2004). With due consideration to this aspect, it can be stated that psychological knowledge with reference to behavioural science assists the managers in an organisation to improve their work performance with the help of interaction with individuals and within and between groups. Subsequently, it can be identified as an ‘inter-alia’ which refers exploration of status, power, authority and influence within formal and informal organisation. It often builds the

Social-Reinforcement Field Observation using CBAS CODING SHEET Coursework

Social-Reinforcement Field Observation using CBAS CODING SHEET - Coursework Example The instructor did not give any specific negative reinforcement either. However, on six instances, the instructor gave general positive reinforcements, during which the observer encouraged generally desirable behavior from the participants. Again there were no instances of general negative reinforcements.On two occasions, the instructor provided specific technical instructions to individual members. The instructor also provided a total of 34 general technical instructions to the class, representing 74% of the instructor’s total actions during the session. At no point during the observed session did the instructor act to correct undesirable behavior or breach of discipline among the members, as described in the CBAS coding sheet as keeping control. The instructor acted to organize the participants four times during the session by giving instructions relating to their positioning or organization of the class area. Therefore, the most frequently observed behavior was general technical instructions. This is as would be expected from a gym class, where the participants are only required to follow the instructions of the instructor. Conversely, the least observed behavior was specific reinforcement, both positive and negative, and also general negative reinforcement. The lack of general negative reinforcement is because the success of the gym class relies on the enthusiastic contribution of the participants, and therefore the instructor would not be required to highlight or punish undesirable behavior of the whole group, as this could easily demotivate the group. The ratio of positive to negative reinforcements was zero, since there were neither positive nor negative reinforcements during the session. However, the ratio of specific technical reinforcements to general technical reinforcements was 2:34, suggesting that the instructor paid much more attention to the activities of

Exchange Rate Cooperation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exchange Rate Cooperation - Essay Example On the other hand, capital mobility hypothesis explains policymakers choice of exchange rate stability and monetary policy autonomy. Additionally, they explain European Community monetary policies congregated within Bundesbanks price stability standard. However, there are weaknesses in the development of the exchange rate cooperation. The weaknesses develop from the creation and evolution of exchange rate institutions and the policymakers’ ability in stabilizing exchange rates within the institutions. In solving these problems, domestic politics concerned with models of monetary policies and bargaining power needs to be developed. Exchange rate cooperation revolves around the dynamics of neoliberal institutions and capital mobility hypothesis. It is vital for the institution and capital mobility to have proper legislative in monetary politics to enable for the stability of exchange rate cooperation. In the book, Currency of Ideas and Monetary Politics, Kathleen R. McNamara argues that neoliberal consensus theory is not a function that directly raises capital; instead, it is the product of European political leaders’ interpretations of shared ideas (Kathleen 7). Additionally, an example of monetarist paradigm and German policy is used in explaining neoliberal consensus. Kathleen uses paradigms in explaining exchange rate cooperation across the world. Moreover, Kathleen argues that international economy shapes the terrain in which politics unfold. The interpretation of the structure and ideational processes dictate crucial choices of policy content and form. The book cautions against the making of assumptions about effects of economic interdependence on political results without tracing linkages of rising trade and capital flows. This uncertainty has very crucial consequences in the politics of monetary cooperation. Uncertainty obscures the distribution of effects in differ ences of exchange rate regimes (Kathleen 8). It has the high potential of depolarizing policy process by decreasing societal pressures for specific policies and insulating policymakers from public scrutiny.

Social-Reinforcement Field Observation using CBAS CODING SHEET Coursework

Social-Reinforcement Field Observation using CBAS CODING SHEET - Coursework Example The instructor did not give any specific negative reinforcement either. However, on six instances, the instructor gave general positive reinforcements, during which the observer encouraged generally desirable behavior from the participants. Again there were no instances of general negative reinforcements.On two occasions, the instructor provided specific technical instructions to individual members. The instructor also provided a total of 34 general technical instructions to the class, representing 74% of the instructor’s total actions during the session. At no point during the observed session did the instructor act to correct undesirable behavior or breach of discipline among the members, as described in the CBAS coding sheet as keeping control. The instructor acted to organize the participants four times during the session by giving instructions relating to their positioning or organization of the class area. Therefore, the most frequently observed behavior was general technical instructions. This is as would be expected from a gym class, where the participants are only required to follow the instructions of the instructor. Conversely, the least observed behavior was specific reinforcement, both positive and negative, and also general negative reinforcement. The lack of general negative reinforcement is because the success of the gym class relies on the enthusiastic contribution of the participants, and therefore the instructor would not be required to highlight or punish undesirable behavior of the whole group, as this could easily demotivate the group. The ratio of positive to negative reinforcements was zero, since there were neither positive nor negative reinforcements during the session. However, the ratio of specific technical reinforcements to general technical reinforcements was 2:34, suggesting that the instructor paid much more attention to the activities of

Anne the Bag Lady Essay Example for Free

Anne the Bag Lady Essay Anne the Bag Lady Every afternoon you can count on seeing Anne right at one oclock at the park, pushing her grocery cart full of her treasures. A cart overflowing with heavy-duty black garbage bags as well as an array of duffels and suitcases. The black garbage bag an ambiguous container the contents within cannot be seen or known. As she pushes her cart, the constant rattling of a wheel competes with the clanging of aluminum cans that she collects hanging in a bag on the side of her cart. Anne roceeds to her bench, constantly aware of everyone around her, but never making eye contact. She arranges herself at her bench under the old oak tree, not far from the playground. She places her cart so it is never out of her line of vision. Her eyes are constantly moving looking, watching darting likes that of a small animal sensing danger. Anne begins to eat her regular sandwich, ham and cheese on wheat that she gets from Father Tim at the local Catholic Church. As she eats her sandwich, you otice how grimy her hands are hands she had Just used digging in garbage cans for her precious aluminum. Today Anne is wearing her best dirt caked Jacket, once a bright Kerry green, now a faded sickly green, with a tear on the sleeve. Her mousy blonde wig that once may have been styled in an attractive shoulder length bob; now a tangled, grimy mess. Do you know how hard it is to get a wig to keep its shape when you carry it around in a plastic bag? Anne has put on her newest shoes, old tan olored work shoes one without laces. Her dress looked like the old flowered snap front cotton house coats, my grandmother used to wear around the house. Hers is worn, dirty and the color is faded beyond all recognition, peeking out from under the hem of her dress is an old black slip, the lace at the bottom torn. Anne is wearing stockings that go to her knees held up by some kind of yarn or string. Over her stockings she is wearing socks that are used and worn the color again impossible to know. Anne always sits alone, a solitary fgure, watching, looking, wary. She very rarely speaks to anyone except for maybe Father Tim; even then short, cryptic remarks. She is rather small in stature, not more than five feet, two or three, bent and the shoulders from age. Anne does not look fragile or tiny maybe old and rigid, but never fragile. Anne has been a part of this community for as long as can be remembered, almost a historical monument. She is a part of the community that most do not notice, but seems to miss when is not there.

Effect of Economic Globalisation on the Probability of War

Effect of Economic Globalisation on the Probability of War Economic globalization and economic integration reduce the probability of conflict and war. Do you agree or disagree with this assertion? The points that I hold in this essay do not agree with the argument presented in title, tough it is admitted that economic globalization and integration do bring about significant benefits to the whole world development. Some economists believe that economic globalization is a good thing since it has brought a great deal of material well-being, and can lead to a enjoyable life. However, in addition many economists are skeptical. They pointed out that if economic globalization is really so good, why the international economy is still so confusing? Theorists and public opinions carry out a fierce discussion regarding this issue. This paper briefly comments about the cons and pros surrounding economic globalization issues, and seek appropriate interpretations to explain why this paper disagrees about the point that economic globalization and integration can deduce the probability of conflict and war through listing reliable and adaptable arguments with supported evidences (Bermeo, 2009) . Basically there are two views about what is economic globalization: one is that the essence of economic globalization is the capitalist production mode and the global exploitation, the second is that economic globalization is the dominance of the market economy, production factors, economic and technical resources are free to flow and get optimized allocation on a global scale. Economic globalization is a historical process: on the one hand all countries in the world are intertwined, mutual influent and integrate into a unified whole which is unified global market; on the other hand is to establish a standardized global rules of economic behavior in the world wide as a basis for the build of global economic operation mechanism. In the process, the economy has dominated market, production factors are free to flow and optimized allocated on a global scale (Birdsall, 2010). So it is saying that economic globalization refers to the production factors running across borders and fell flow of worldwide, and nations and regions all over the world integrated as a historical process. Economic globalization is a historical category emerged with the growth of the world market. Therefore, the fundamental premise of economic globalization is a global unified market. The economic exchanges and trade liberalization between countries are not economic globalization under the situation that global market is in segmentation. Only the world market formed on the basis of the extensive division of labor between countries, it means the fundamentally eliminating the isolated developing state among countries and ultimately form a broad and profound economic ties. Any country or region once integrated into the world economy are bound by a variety of influences from the world market. Since the 1980s, especially in the 1990s, socialist countries taking china as the representative has transferred into market economy through insisting on deepening reform on the basic system of socialism. The traditional planned economy gradually disappeared, and market economy has dominated the world , the national and regional limitations have been broken due to the economic competition and market profit-driven behavior, and the world economy is increasingly linked to a global economy as a whole. At the same time, regional economic is developing rapidly as a form of regional economic integration organization. By the end of 1996, there are more than 100 regional economic groupings all over the world including almost all of the country. EU, NAFTA and APEC has become the main tripolar world economy, and its total economic output and export have achieved 80% of the world. And in recent years, regional economic blocs are continuously interwoven, and the regional markets continue to extend beyond boundaries outward and work on mutual integration, greatly promoting the development of national economic integration and globalization, forming a huge market economic operation system. In this system, the barriers on cooperation reduced, and the penetration and dependency degree is increasi ng that different countries can benefit from sharing the best allocation of resources brought by production resources flowing freely, but at the same time these countries have to bear possible risks that economic integration brought to them. National economy and culture have exceeded state and national boundaries developing from opposition and collision toward the penetration and fusion with the deepening of the international division of labor and no frontiers economy expanding. It should be acknowledged that the process of globalization of the world economy has just started, the impact of it to national economies and the world economy is still difficult to predict, but one thing is very clear that economic globalization is a â€Å"double-edged sword† (Bernard, 2001). Economic globalization can indeed promote the improvement and expansion of the world’s industrial economies of scale, will cause changes in production and consumption technologies. However at the same time, economic globalization will have some negative effects and these effects are different according to specific areas and specific countries with different policy options. Specifically, the pros and cons of economic globalization as follows: The positive effects of economic globalization: Economic globalization allows the effective and rational allocation of labor, worldwide capital, technology, products, markets, and resources. The competition between countries get intensified with economic globalization effectively promoting international cooperation. From the economy perspective, the reasons for competition on due to the limited resources and the expansion of capital; from the politic perspective is due to the existence of the state, countries are trying to enhance their own strength to realize their dependence on other countries thereby benefiting more with lower cost. Economic globalization has accelerated the free flow of factors of production on a global scale, and the formation of a unified global market thus promoting the operation of multinational globalization and global adjustment of industrial structure, and to maximize the optimal allocation of resources. The economic globalization helps to reduce international conflicts. In the process of economic globalization, most of the world countries are involved in a deeper level of international division of labor, the investment and technology transferring activities of transnational corporation contributes to the closer link of production operation regarding sales, research and development. And a direct result from this operation is the interdependence of national economies, the degree of mutual penetration deepened. The changes in economic relations inevitably lead to changes in the political sphere and international relations changes, and negotiation and dialogue increasingly becoming the primary means of dealing with international relations in today. Strengthen trust and cooperation between countries, bounding international conflict or at least reducing the intensity of the conflict has gradually become a trend. And some experts believe that the trend will be increasingly strengthened wit h further development of economic globalization. While the cons that economic globalization has brought to us cannot be ignored: Economic globalization has exacerbated the imbalance in the world economy, so that the gap between rich and poor is widening. Firstly the economic globalization has brought is the impact on the national economy of developing countries, and this impact is built on the basis of unequal relations. On the one hand, international economic organizations are in the hands of developed countries, and principles, systems and orderly functioning of the world economy are developed by them. On the other hand, the Western countries have economic, technical and management advantages, and the developing countries cannot be far way. Thus the greatest benefit from economic globalization belongs to the highly developed countries. Despite the developing countries with relative backwardness technology and economy will get some long-term benefits, but it is difficult for them to benefit in the near future or a long time, and may even suffer great damage and shocks, such as losses or the closure of many na tional enterprises, etc (Kenneth, 2012). While economic globalization can lead to increased global objective material wealth , but in the course of the market , the competition is the primary law , it is in the creation of high- efficiency, will inevitably lead to wealth is increasingly concentrated to a small number of countries or interest groups , resulting in widen the wealth gap . According to World Bank statistic, the per capita GDP 1983 high-income countries is 43 times the low-income developing countries, to become 62 times in 1994, even more unfair social distribution. Specific reasons for this disparity are many, there are institutional reasons, the reasons for market reasons, such as changes in the structure and, but there are two factors are obvious: the distribution of benefits of economic globalization is not balanced; market competition makes Some social policy challenges (Foreign Affairs, 2012). Economic globalization has strengthened the instability of the world economy. Economic globalization has made economic links with countries in the world economy more closely, national domestic economic stability will depend not only on their domestic factors, to a greater extent by the tremendous impact of international factors. With the continuous expansion of international trade and trade in services, in particular economic conditions in other countries, major trading partners such as inflation , the financial crisis will affect the national economy through the international transmission mechanism (Ikenberry, 1990). If the countrys economic structure, there are some similar problems, these economic fluctuations will inevitably occur in the country. Even if the national economy is not a problem, because a certain degree of fluctuation will be leaving the role of psychological factors in the economy occurred. Especially for developing countries because of economic globalization is financial, the globalization of trade and investment, however, due to the insuff icient growth in developing markets, the economic structure is more fragile and more vulnerable to adverse external factors ; and because of incomplete legislation in developing countries , to facilitate speculation ; then coupled with lax enforcement in developing countries , abiding by the law , giving the hot money leaving an opportunity. Thus, a large number of Western countries impact the hot money from time to time financial markets in developing countries, and even lead to the financial crisis, resulting in as war -like destruction. Economic globalization has developed economic cycles, exchange rates, changes in interest rates transfer to developing countries to enable developing economies often unfavorable fluctuations occurred in the Mexican financial crisis in late 1994 and the 1997 Asian financial crisis has fully demonstrated this point. Reference: Bermeo, N. (2009). Does Electoral Democracy boost Economic Equality? Journal of Democracy, Volume 20, Number 4, October 2009, pp. 21-35 Bernard, L. (2001). The revolt of Islam. The New Yorker. 77. 36 (Nov 12, 2001): 050. Birdsall, N. (2010). Life is Unfair: Inequality in the World. Foreign Policy, No.111 (Summer, 1998), pp. 76-93. Ikenberry, G.J. (1990). Creating Yesterday’s New World Order: Keynesian â€Å"New Thinking† and the Anglo-American Postwar Settlement. Foreign Affairs. (2012). Time to Attract Iran: Why a Strike Is the Least Bad Option. Foreign Affairs. 91.1. (Jan/Feb 2012):76-86. Kenneth, W. (2012). Why Iran Should Get the Bomb: Nuclear Balancing Would Mean Stability. Foreign Affairs. 91.4. (Jul/Aug 2012): 2-5

Character in Lord of The Rings and Wheel of Time :: Lord of the Rings Essays

Character in Lord of The Rings and Wheel of Time  Ã‚   Conventionally characters in fantasy fiction develop very little, with almost none of the personal evolution one expects in literature. They tend to be stereotypical "goodies" and "baddies," the handsome, courageous heroes and the cruel, ugly forces of evil. They are the epitome of the force for which they fight. Over the past few decades very few fantasy fiction writers have escaped from this rut. The Lord of the Rings and the Wheel of Time are linked by the fact that none of their major characters remain static. There are also very few stereotypical characters present in each text. The ways in which character development is achieved and what causes it, will be explored in this essay. The characters that show the most development in the Lord of the Rings are undoubtedly the hobbits. From being "absurd, helpless hobbits" at the start those in the company are "Fearless hobbits with bright swords and grim faces" when they return to the Shire. While "there was a note in the voices of these [hobbits] that they [the bandits in the Shire] had not heard before. It chilled them with fear." Even Mr Butterbur, who sees them only twice, says "You have come back changed from your travels, and you look now like folk as can deal with troubles out of hand." Frodo's development begins when he is told the history of the ring by Gandalf. He had never before suspected that such evil could exist. How could he? In the Shire there is no real evil because of the Ranger's unceasing vigilance. Furthermore Bilbo's tales1 would have skimmed over bad times and concentrated on what the hobbits wanted to hear about, Big People, dragons and mountains of treasure. The stench of the dead and the terror that Smaug the dragon caused would not have been mentioned. In the Wheel of Time it is the three ta'veren that show the most change. They start out as simple village boys knowing almost nothing of the world beyond the two rivers. Perrin becomes a wolfriend, Mat commands the Band of the Red Hand (six-thousand men) and Rand is the Dragon Reborn, destined to fight the Last Battle against the Shadow. Rand's ability to channel is what changes him most. He "had been brought up to fear any man that could channel, fated to go mad and, before the Shadow-tainted male half of the Source killed him horribly, bring terror to everyone around him.

Narrator’s Use of Language and Memory in Faulkner’s The Unvanquished :: Faulkner’s The Unvanquished Essays

Narrator’s Use of Language and Memory in Faulkner’s The Unvanquished In the Unvanquished, a version of southern masculinity is developed through the narrator using dialect and the device, or should I say vice of memory. Fairly early in the novel, the reflective standpoint of the narrator becomes obvious, and a certain sense of â€Å"retelling† the story, not just telling it as it happened, prevails. This use of memory is not necessarily selective but it does show the processing of perceptions of the narrator’s childhood. As readers, we first get the sense that we are hearing the story from a much older Bayard when he drops comments like â€Å"I was just twelve then; I didn’t know triumph; I didn’t even know the word† (Unvanquished 5). If he was just twelve then, he could be just fifteen or sixteen when retelling this story, assuming the grandiosity that adolescence creates, leading to such thoughts as â€Å"I was just a kid then.† However, the second part of the statement reveals a much older and wiser voice, the voice of someone who has had time to think out such abstractions as triumph and failure. Furthermore, the almost obsessive description of the father in the first part of the novel seems like the narrator comes to terms, much later in life, with how he viewed his father as a man. â€Å"He was not big† (9) is repeated twice on the same page. He was short enough to have his sabre scrape the steps while ascending (10), yet he appeared large and in command, especially when on his horse (13). The shape and size of a man being an important part in defining masculinity, I think Baynard grappled with his father’s physical presence as well as his tenuous position as a leader in the Confederate Army. Other telling moments are on page 66 when Baynard postulates what a child can accept as true in such incredible situations and on page 95 with his declarations on the universality of war. (Possibly he is an old man now and has lived to see other wars.) Upon realizing the distance between the setting of the story and age of its narrator, the reader is forced to consider how memory and life itself have affected the storytelling. Another way to contemplate the development of masculinity, one that calls upon the southern gentleman to be well educated and verbose, is the use of dialect in the story.

Harlem Renaissance Essay

The Harlem Renaissance was a significant event in the history of the United States of America. The Harlem Renaissance centered on the culture of African-Americans and took place at the end of the American Civil War in 1865. This era gave rise to music, art, and literature in African-American culture. Winning the Civil War meant that African American were now free and could, at their risk, go anywhere they wanted. This is when the Great Migration all started. The Great Migration was when large groups of blacks moved in Northern cities like Chicago and New York in massive numbers for jobs because the South had been victim to a crop infestation. Many of them moved particularly to a large neighborhood located in the northern section of Manhattan called Harlem, also known as â€Å"the capital of black America†. By this time, chances for employment and education were available for African-Americans, and many of them expected the same treatment and life the white Americans had be given. This was not to be the case when Plessy v. Ferguson case went to the Supreme Court and the decision had been held that racial segregation was â€Å"constitutionally acceptable†. African-Americans were heartbroken; they wanted equality and all they had been given nothing close to the life of the white Americans, not even a secure environment to live. Though they did have some rights, such as, all African-American men could vote, African-Americans, all, could receive better education, and they got better jobs, but that still seemed to be not enough. African-Americans wanted to part ways with their clingy stereotypes and define themselves as something better. They wanted to be something more than just a â€Å"negro.† The African-Americans didn’t want to be like their white suppressors, but wanted to create a new meaning to what it meant to be black. Starting in the early 1900s the African-American middle class started a push towards racial equality. W.E.B. Du Bois was the central leader of the movement. He collaborated with other African-American activists and white civil rights workers in New York to review the difficult challenges facing the African-American population. 1909 the NAACP, or National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, was found by the group working with Du Bois. This group was specifically organized to advocate civil liberties and fight for African-American rights. Although this cause was thought to be supported by all African-Americans it was not the case with Jamaica-bred Marcus Garvey. Garvey started the â€Å"Back to Africa movement,† which initially was him saying that he thought all African-Americans should just pack up and leave the states because they weren’t welcomed. Garvey founded the UNIA-ACL, or Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League, which promoted the â€Å"Back to Africa†¦Ã¢â‚¬  slogan. Garvey said it was to encourage African-Americans to come together and feel pride in their roots. These groups, although not all supporting staying and fighting, helped the African-American population develop a sense of empowerment for African-Americans everywhere. The Jazz Age was an explosion of African-American culture into music. Just at the end of WWI, there was an economy boost and a change in society. During this time Americans started to relax and take up hobbies. The Prohibition had just been ratified, although it didn’t ban alcohol it made it extremely difficult to get, legally. That is when alcohol clubs, called â€Å"speakeasies† were created. â€Å"Speakeasies† gave Americans the chance to socialize with other, engage in drinking, and go against traditional culture. Some might have even called them Modernist. There was a certain speakeasy in Harlem called the Cotton Club. It’s them as the look of a plantation in the South. They only allowed African-American musicians to play there and only allowed white Americans, with some exceptions, wine and dine there. One talented jazz musician would be Duke Ellington. Ellington was a wiz at playing the piano; he actually played at the Cotton Club from for four years. His band stomped to theatricality routines in numerous shows. Forms of art gave some African-Americans a break from reality. Artists painted things from African-American nightclubs, to African-American toiling in the fields. Aaron Douglas was a famous artist whose work exercised the ‘New Negro’ idea. The ‘New Negro’ idea correlated with Dubois idea of â€Å"twoness† idea, which meant the finding of one’s individuality with a divided awareness of one’s identity. Douglas painted murals, building, and created illustrations for many African-American books. In 1940 Douglas moved to Nashville and founded the Art Department at Fisk University and taught for twenty nine years there. Douglas said, â€Å"†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Our problem is to conceive, develop, establish an art era. Not white art painting black†¦let’s bare our arms and plunge them deep through laughter, through pain, through sorrow, through hope, through disappointment, into the very depths of the souls of our people and drag forth mat erial crude, rough, neglected. Then let’s sing it, dance it, write it, paint it. Let’s do the impossible. Let’s create something transcendentally material, mystically objective. Earthy. Spiritually earthy. Dynamic,† which means, let’s make something incredible out of tragedy. Writing also became a major step forward in the Harlem Renaissance, especially since during this time most African-Americans were illiterate. African-American writers talked about the past of black culture. They wrote about slavery and the effects it had on society today, etc. Common themes of these books ranged from alienation, to wanting to be individual. The most famous African-American writers include: Langston Hughes, Sterling Brown, and Zora Neale Hurston, just to name a few. Zora Neale was a novelist, folklorist, and anthropologist. She believed in the motto, â€Å"I want a busy life, a just mind, and a timely end.† Zora wrote to preserve African-American traditions and to contribute to new literature. Langston Hughes was a writer who collaborated with Hurston and other artists in his book of poetry entitled The Weary Blues. Hughes also wrote an essay called â€Å"The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain,† where he told people what he saw as ‘mountains’ facing African-American writers. In his essay, Hughes mentions a young poet he spoke to and says how the poet wanted to be known as a poet, rather than a â€Å"Negro poet,† which is clearly understandable since there was still racial tension during this time. In conclusion, the Harlem Renaissance was a major event in the history in the United States of America because it brought a culture together using simple things, like music, art, and literature. If it had not been for the Harlem Renaissance, who knows what might’ve happened to the African-American culture, where it might’ve been at this point in time without the occurrence of the Harlem Renaissance. It brought together a race that has, over the years, been beaten, cursed at, talked about, and slaughtered for the comfort of others, and just a simple melody of a song was able to bring them closer together after being ripped apart.

Childhood Years in Calamba Essay

Jose Rizal had many beautiful memories of childhood in his native town. He grew up in a happy house, ruled by good parents, bubbling with joy and sanctified by God’s blessing. Rizal is industrious, hospitable and friendly folks impressed him during childhood years. And the happiest period of Rizal’s life was spent in this lake shore of Laguna de Bay. Earliest Childhood Memories The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family garden when he was 3 years old. He was a frail, sickly and undersized child so he was given tendered care by his parents. At the age of 3, watched from his garden cottage, culiauan the maya, the marta capra, the pipit and other birds listened â€Å"with wonders and joy† to their twilight songs. Daily Angelus prayer Moon linights at the Azotea after the nightly rosary. The Aya related to the Rizal children (including Jose) many stories about the fairies. When Jose did not like to take his supper the Aya would threaten him that the Aswang, the nuno, the tikbalang, or terrible bearded or turbaned Bombay would come to take him if he would not eat his supper. The noctural walk in the town. Calamba the Hero’s Town Calamba was a hacienda town which belonged to the Dominican order, which also owned all the lands around it. It is a picturesque town nestling on a verdant plain covered with irrigated rice field and sugar lands. A few kilometers to the south loom the legendary Mt. Makiling and beyong this mountain is the province of Batangas East of the town is the Laguna de Bay In the middle of the lake towers the storied island of talim and beyond it towards the north is the distant Antipolo, famous mountain shrine of the miraculous and Good Voyage. Rizal loved Calamba with all his heart and soul Earliest Childhood Memories The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family garden when he was 3 years old He was a frail, sickly and undersized child so he was given tendered care by his parents At the age of 3, watched from his garden cottage, culiauan, the maya, the marta capra, the pipit and other birds listened â€Å"with wonders and joy† to their twilight songs Daily Angelus prayer Moonlights at the Azotea after the nightly rosary. The Aya related to the Rizal children (including Jose) many stories about the fairies. When did not like to take his Supper the Aya would threaten him that the Aswang, the nuno, the tikbalang, or terrible bearded or turbaned Bombay would come to take him away if he would not eat his supper The nocturnal walk in the town. The Hero’s First Sorrow Concha (Conception) the younger sister of Jose was died of sickness in 1865 when she was only 3 years old. Jose who was very fond of her, cried bitterly at losing her. The death of little Concha was first sorrow of Jose. Devoted son of the Church The scion of a catholic clan, born and bred in a wholesome atmosphere of Catholicism, and possessed of an inborn pious spirit, grew up a good Catholic. Pilgrimage of Antipolo On June 6, 1868, Jose and his father left Calamba to go on a pilgrimage to Antipolo, in order to fulfill his mother’s vow which was made when Jose was born. It was the first trip of Jose across Laguna de Bay and his first pilgrimage to Antipolo. The Story of the Moth Story about the disobedient moth which left a deep impression to Rizal’s mind â€Å"to sacrifice one’s life for it†, meaning for an ideal, is â€Å"worthwhile†. Artistic Talents Since early childhood Rizal revealed his God given talent to art. At the age of five (5), he began to make sketches with his pencil and to mould in clay and was objects which attached his fancy. When Jose was mere boy in Calamba, a religious banner which was always used during the fiesta was spoiled. Upon the request of the town mayor, he painted the oil colors a new banner that delighted the town folks because It was better than the original one. Jose had soul of a genuine artist. Rather an introvert child, with skinny physique and sad dark eyes, he found great joy looking at the blooming flowers, the ripening fruits, dancing waves of the lake, and the milky clouds in the sky, listening to the song of birds, the chirping of the cicadas and murmuring of the breezes. At the age of six (6), one of interesting anecdote about Rizal was the incident about his clay and wax image. He spent more time making images rather than to participate with his siblings games. He kept silent as they laughed and Jose Rizal told them â€Å"All right laugh at me now! Someday when I die, people will make monuments and images of me! First Poem by Rizal At the age of eight (8), Rizal wrote his first poem in the native language entitled â€Å"Sa Aking mga Kababata† (To my fellow children). This poem reveals Rizal’s earliest nationalist sentiment in poetic verse. He proudly proclaimed that the people truly loved their native language will surely strive for liberty. And that tagalog is the equal of Latin, English, Spanish, and any other language. First Drama by Rizal After writing a poem he wrote his first dramatic work which was a tagalog comedy and it was purchased by a gobernadorcillo of Paete for two (2) pesos. Rizal as Boy Magician Since early manhood Rizal had been interested in magic. With his dexterous hands, he learned various tricks, such as making a coin appear in his fingers and making a handkerchief vanish in thin air. He entertained his town folks with magic-lantern exhibitions, this consisted of an ordinary lamp casting its shadow on a white screen and be twisted his supple fingers into fantastic shapes, making their enlarged shadows on the screen resemble certain animals and persons. Lakeshore Reveries During the twilight hours of summer time, Rizal accompanied by his pet dog (usman), used to meditate the shore of Laguna de Bay on the sad conditions of his oppressed people. He grieved deeply over the unhappy situations of his beloved fatherland. The Spanish awakened his boyish heat a great determination to flight tyranny. Influence on the Hero’s Boyhood 1. Heredity Influence: a. From Rizal’s Malayan Ancestors – he inherited his love for freedom, his inmate desire to travel and his indomitable courage. b. From Rizal’s Chinese Ancestors – he derived his serious nature, frugality, patience, and love for children. c. From Rizal’s Spanish Ancestors – he inherited a profound sense of self-respect, the love for work and the habit of independent thinking. d. From Rizal’s Mother – he inherited his religious nature, the spirit of self-sacrifice, and the passion for arts and literature. 2. Environment Influence a. The scenic beauties of Calamba and the beautiful garden of Rizal Family stimulated the inborn artistic and literary talents of Jose Rizal b. The religious atmosphere at his home for fortified this religious nature. c. His brother, Paciano, instilled in his mind the love for freedom and justice. d. From his sisters, he learned to be courteous and kind to women. e. Tio Jose Alberto to inspire him to develop his artistic ability. f. Tio Manuel  courage him to develop his frail body by means of physical exercise. g. Father Gregorio intensified his voracious reading of good books. h. Father Leoncio Lopez fostered Rizal’s love for scholarship and intellectual honesty. i. The sorrows in his family contributed to strengthen his character. j. The Spanish abuses and cruelties which he witnessed in his boyhood awakened his spirit of patrionism and inspired him to consecrate his life and talents to redeem his oppressed people. 3. Aid of Divine a. Rizal was providentially destined to be pride and glory of his nation b. God had endowed him with versatile gift of a genius, the vibrant spirit of a nationalist and the valiant heart to sacrifices for a noble cause.

Legal Ethics Essay

I. Lawyer and Society a. Observations i. Pursuant to rule 1.03, CPR, one defense counsel manifested to the honorable court that he does not wish to postpone the case again, the same having been previously postponed for four times already because of the prosecution’s failure to present their witness. II. Lawyer and the Legal Profession b. Observations iii. Respect between defense counsels and fiscal iv. Address each other with respect v. Candid and Friendly vi. After hearing, counsels for accused approached prosecutor and bid their goodbyes, with laughs, as if they were really close friends vii. Pursuant to canon 8, fiscal and defense counsel (female), during their direct and cross examinations, respectively, never used offensive language whenever they have objections during the examination of the witnesses. III. Lawyer and Courts c. Observations viii. Treat Personnel with respect ix. No sign of any disgust or disrespect to Judge Danilo Galvez, despite approval of the latter of postponement of his case. x. Pursuant to 10.03, procedure, there was no showing that any of the lawyers violated any procedural rules of the court. xi. Pursuant to canon 11 and the rules thereof, all lawyers punctually appeared at their respective hearings; they were all properly attired when they came to court; and no offensive or menacing language were used, especially in one particular case where there was a direct and cross examinations xii. Pursuant to rule 12.07, during the cross examination of attorney of the witness of the fiscal, she never, even for once, harassed the witness. She addressed her questions to him very calmly and respectfully. xiii. IV. Lawyer and Client d. Observations xiv. In one case, the counsel for the defense manifested that if it be okay with the honorable judge and the court that the trial so proceed because the same has been postponed 4 times already; but prosecutor insisted for the postponement and reassured the court that on the next hearing they will be able to present their witness; judge granted postponement, â€Å"in the interest of justice† xv. In another case, the prosecutor objected to the manifestation by the opposing counsel to dismiss the case; the reason for the proposed dismissal was because the prosecutor was not present at the last hearing; the reason for the objection was that the counsel looking to dismiss the case was also absent the previous hearing; judge said that both of you have been absent in one of the hearings, in the interest of justice, case will be postponed and will resume.