Principles Of Safeguarding And Protection Essay

Sexual abuse – This is unwanted sexual activity that is forced upon a person without their consent, this includes rape, making them watch pornography, pestering them by making sexual suggestions or comments, or they were pressured into consenting. Emotional/psychological abuse – This is controlling behaviours like shouting and calling the service user names. Could be threats of harm or of being abandoned, being deprived of contact with others, being humiliated, controlled, intimidated, kept in isolation or being withdrawn from supportive networks or services. Financial abuse – Taking control of money and bank accounts. These include theft, fraud, exploitation, property or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits. Institutional abuse – Institutional abuse comprises of neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse, psychological, emotional and financial abuse. Residents are not allowed to go out, private letters opened and read, shown no respect for their privacy. Service users interests are not taken into consideration, they are given more medication than required. Complaints procedure is not made available to the resident. Self neglect – An adult that fails to take care of their health and is likely to cause serious physical, mental or emotional harm to themselves. Neglect by others – ignoring medical or physical needs. Fail to provide access to health, social care or educational services, withholding medication, not giving adequate nutrition and heating also clothing etc. Signs and symptoms associated with each type of abuse Physical abuse – these include bruising around well protected and covered areas, fractures, burn marks, fear, depression and unexplained weight loss or hair loss, flinching. Sexual abuse – Unexplained change in their behaviour, difficulty in walking, sitting. Injuries to genital area, bloodstained underwear, pregnancy and STD’s. Emotional/psychological abuse – Withdrawal, depression, change in their sleep patterns. Agitated, feeling confused. Change in their behaviour, change with their appetite, losing or gaining weight. Low self esteem and confidence. Financial abuse – Unpaid bills. Basic needs not being met, lack of personal possessions and clothes. Lack of money on a day to day basis. Unexlained money being taken from their bank account. Keeping the service user away from their family and friends, so that the support worker has total control. Institutional abuse – No flexibility at meal times or bedtimes. Dirty bedding and clothing. Lack of care plans, misuse of medication, staff have no regard for the residents privacy they enter into the residents room without knocking. Self neglect – Poor personal hygiene. Inappropriate clothing, confusion, malnourishment, incorrect medication could be over or under medicating, skin sores. Neglect by others – Poor personal hygiene including soiled clothing, inappropriate clothing, and the resident could have bed sores, and may be constantly hungry due to lack of food. Suffer from different illnesses. Factors that may contribute to an individual being more vulnerable to abuse The resident could be suffering from a mental disability such as dementia. The resident could be using illegal drugs or be an alcoholic. They could be isolated, suffering from depression. The resident may be suffering from low self esteem or self worth. All of these can make that person more vulnerable to abuse. Know how to respond to suspected or alleged abuse If a service user was showing signs of abuse, changes in their behaviour, marks or bruises on their body I would ask the service user what has happened, and tell them the changes that I have noticed. I will listen carefully; it is up to them to tell me what has happened. I will not ask them any questions, I will stay calm. I will record what the service user tells me using their own words. I will reassure the service user and explain to them that their safety is most important and it’s my duty of care to inform the manager. The report will be confidential. I will let my manger know what has happened immediately in private. I will only record and report the facts that the service user told me. Depending what is found the service user may need to be monitored, plus a care plan put into place to protect the service user that must be followed. The actions to take if an individual alleges that they are being abused. Report the service user’s allegation to the manager in private. I would record the facts on appropriate paperwork using their words. I will listen and not judge the service user. I will establish what has happened and report any suspicions to my manager. I will reassure the service user at all times, and take the allegations seriously. I will speak clearly and precise and will avoid asking leading questions. I will date and sign the paperwork, get it signed by witnesses if there are any. Photographs will be taken of the evidence if this is possible. Identify ways to ensure evidence of abuse is preserved Record the facts immediately Report immediately Do not tamper with the evidence. Leave things as they are do not touch anything. Do not clean or wash what the service user is wearing. Do not handle service users’ clothes or bedding. Keep the area safe; do not let anyone enter the area. Keep any first aid items that have been used. Understand the national and local context of safeguarding and protection from  abuse National Policies – Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006, the Vetting and Barring Scheme run by the independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA), Criminal Records Bureau, and Human Rights act 1998. Local Systems – Safeguarding Adult Boards, Safeguarding policies and procedures for vulnerable adults. Safeguarding Adult Boards – these bring together a number of local agencies that work with vulnerable adults to share their information and monitor their work, i.e agencies like the police, housing teams and advocacy groups. The Police – their role is to safeguard vulnerable adults, investigate reports of vulnerable adult abuse, to protect and uphold the rights of all vulnerable adults. CQC – to monitor and provide guidance on what health and social care provides must do to safeguard vulnerable adults from abuse, Safeguarding policies, procedures and systems are in plac e to prevent vulnerable adults from abuse. Identify reports into serious failures to protect individuals from abuse Winterbourne Hospital had and inspection of its services after allegations of abuse. The report came after Panarama filmed patients being pinned down, slapped and doused in cold water; they were taunted and teased even though whistle blower Terry Bryan had warned of what was happening to the management and the Care Quality Control on a number of occasions. CQC inspectors found Castlebeck care failed to make sure that service users were adequately protected from risk. There was failure to protect service users or to investigate allegations of abuse. The provider also failed to notify CQC of serious accidents and times when service users went missing. Staff did not understand the needs of the service users that were in their care. Methods of restraint would be used without any alternatives. Inspectors found that staff had been working there without any background in care service. Castlebeck failed to meet standards required by law including  ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œ They did not report major incidents to the Quality Care Commission as required’ The delivery of care did not meet the service users’ individual needs. They did not have systems to assess and monitor the quality of services. They did not identify or manage risks relating to health welfare and the safety of the service users. They did nothing regarding complaints and people about the service. Investigations into the conduct of staff were not robust and did not safeguard the service users. No reasonable steps were  taken to prevent abuse before it occurred. There were ineffective recruitment procedures, not appropriate training and supervision to staff. How to identify sources of information and advice about my own role in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse This can be done in a number of different ways from training and advice from training centres Social Services Care Quality Commission From books The Internet My companies’ policies and procedures on safeguarding My manager and work colleagues Independant Safeguarding Authority. Understand how the likelihood of abuse may be reduced by Working with person centred values – By working with person centred values, individuality, privacy, choice, independence dignity respect and partnership, the service user is encouraged to live as independently as possible. By promoting choice and rights for a service user then they are making their own choices, and not having them made for them. They are more independent. Complaints procedures should be in place and be accessible to them; it’s then less confusing for them to have the confidence to report any abuse. Encouraging active participation To encourage a service user to participate and make their own decisions, for example to ask them if they would like to have a bath or a shower. It is good practise to involve the service user with their care plan as it’s about them, this reduces the risk of abuse and also gives them confidence to speak up if there is an issue. The service user is an active partner in their own care or support, rather than a passive recipient. Promoting choice and rights Promoting choice and rights is all of the above; it’s about the service user taking control of their life, even if it’s in a small way by deciding what they want for breakfast. It allows them to be an individual, to have rights  and wishes recognised. The importance of an accessible complaints procedure for reducing the likelihood of abuse If a complaints procedure is easily accessible abusers would be more likely challenged about their behaviour, knowing this would make them less likely to abuse. It also helps the vulnerable service users to feel protected and less likely to accept abuse. Know how to recognise and report unsafe practices Unsafe practices that may affect the well being of individuals. These could be due to Unsafe administration of medication Breaking confidentiality Inadequate food Inadequate toileting – dressing etc Inappropriate physical contact Failure to maintain professional boundaries Unreliable systems for dealing with service user’s money and personal possessions. Failure to ensure supervision Inappropriate physical contact with regards to moving and handling Inadequate service users personal care plans Not carrying out tasks to a standard that caters to the individual’s needs and personal preferences. Lack of staff training Staff to tired to do their job correctly Every time a short cut is taken on a procedure it could affect the well being and safety of others. Actions to take if unsafe practices have been identified Follow the organisations policies and procedures Protect and ensure the safety of the individual Report to the line manager Preserve any evidence Record and report – write a confidential report about what is suspected and why. Actions to take if suspected abuse or unsafe practices have been reported but nothing has been done in response If I have reported abuse or unsafe practices and nothing has been done by my line manager, I would contact the Care Quality Commission, social services and contact police if  necessary As part of the process is to contact the local care standards inspectorate. The person that it was reported to should do this if they have not then it may be considered abuse or neglect. If I suspect that this has happened i can also blow the whistle on my employer.

Crm Banking Sector Essay

A study of customer perception of CRM initiatives in the Indian Banking Sector Vanisha Oogarah-Hanuman Lecturer Faculty of Law and Management University of Mauritius Sharmila Pudaruth Lecturer Faculty of Law and Management University of Mauritius Vinod Kumar Research Scholar Department of Management Studies School of Management Pondicherry University Victor Anandkumar Reader Department of Management Studies School of Management Pondicherry University ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the front-end effectiveness of CRM strategies in the banking sector in India by studying the customer perception of CRM initiatives. This is an empirical research which is descriptive in nature and relied mainly on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire to study the perception of Indian customers. Findings: Banks operating in India have failed to impress their customers on their CRM efforts. Various CRM initiates and dimensions measured in this study report unfavorable response. This under-performance has occurred in spite of technological developments and new processes in place Practical implications: The findings will have useful implications for Banks operating in India in order to think in line with the customers’ response. The study emphasizes the importance of retaining profitable customers for a lifetime and the growing importance of CRM in order to better satisfy customers in the Indian Banking Industry. Originality/value: Crucial aspects pertaining to CRM in the Indian banking sector had been under-researched and the aim of the present study is to have a broadened investigation of the CRM initiatives adopted by Indian banks. The study provides a discussion on the concept of CRM in the Indian banking sector and proposes recommendations to assist the banking sector on how to nurture profitable, long-term relationships with the customers Volume:01, Number:04, August-2011 www. theinternationaljournal. org Page 1 1. Introduction In today’s banking environment, it is becoming difficult to build and maintain strong and lasting relationships with customers. In fact, the challenges of building strong customer relationships have become even greater for banks with the emergence of e-business, diffusion of innovations and agile new competitors in the banking sector. The introduction of Customer Relationship Management has provided banks with a driving philosophy, a reoriented information system and a communication tool that helps to create invaluable and knowledge based relationships. Therefore, banks are developing a continuing long-term business relationship with customers and they are shifting their focus from market share to mind share of customers. The literature review has focused on the importance of CRM in the banking sector and the importance of maintaining profitable relationships with banking customers, which in turn leads to profitability through customer loyalty. Close relationship with customers will require a strong coordination between IT and marketing departments to provide a long-term retention of selected customers. Accordingly, this paper will aim to investigate important attributes which customers value as far as customer relationships in the Indian banking sector is concerned. No doubt, considerable literature on CRM is available worldwide but there is limited research throwing light over the importance of CRM in the Indian banking sector. Therefore, the paper reviews pertinent literature on CRM in the banking sector. Then, the methodology employed to collect and analyse data is outlined. Then the findings are discussed, implications are described and the paper further makes strategic recommendations towards enhancing customer relationships in the Indian banking sector. Directions for future research are also proposed in the arena of customer relationship management and banking sector. 2. The Indian Banking Sector and CRM The economic reforms initiated by the Government of India roughly about a decade ago have changed the landscape of several sectors of the Indian economy [1]. The Indian banking sector is no exception. The economic reforms have also generated new and powerful customers (huge Indian middle class) and new mix of players (public sector units, private banks, and foreign banks). The emerging competition has generated new expectations from the existing and the new customers. The new rules of competition require recognition of the importance of consumers and the necessity to address the needs through innovative products supported by new technology. Perceptions and expectations of the customers have undergone a sea change, with the innovative and modern banking services offered to the customers. This necessitates banks to include a customer-oriented approach whereby they build, maintain and manage longstanding relationships with their profitable customers in order to gain sustainable competitive edge. 3. Conceptual background Over the past two decades, the literature has argued that businesses across all sectors will have to change their approach to marketing, which should now be carried out through relationships, networks, and interactions [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Such a marketing approach is very Volume:01, Number:04, August-2011 www. theinternationaljournal. rg Page 2 different from the more traditional one based on transactions affecting the Four Ps (product, price, place and promotion). 3. 1. CRM in the Banking sector Customer relationship management (CRM) has been as important to the banking industry at the start of the 21st century as it has been to any other industry. Many banks have used CRM tools to acquire more customers and to improve relationships with them. A key aspect in banks embracing technological platforms and delivery systems is the impact this will have on bank-customer relationships. Therefore, in order to achieve banking excellence, meeting customer needs and offering innovative products is not sufficient in itself. The balance between relatively high costs of relationships with customers and the need to maintain profit growth needs to be finely tuned, if marketing is not to revert back to a transactional paradigm [8]. Likewise, increased customer expectations have created a competitive climate whereby the quality of the relationship between the customer and the institution has taken a greater significance [9, 10]. The development of effective customer relationships is widely advocated as a key element of marketing strategies in the service sector (Ennew, 1996). Therefore a binding and long-term customer relationship seems to be necessary for many banks to react to the changed conditions and to guarantee the continuity. For many customers, a strong banking relationship is as vital as any other business relationship they maintain. This gives CRM-driven banks an advantage in that customers want the benefits of a solid relationship. Common benefits for customers of banks using CRM include wider access with branch locations, Internet and ATMs; access to service and support; discount credit rates and enhanced savings; and other customization opportunities. Attracting new customers should be viewed only as an intermediate step in the marketing process. Developing close relationships with these customers and turning them into loyal ones are equal aspects of marketing. Thus relationship marketing ought to be perceived as attracting, maintaining, and in multi service organizations, enhancing customer relationships [12, 13, 14, 15]. Another important facet of CRM is customer selectivity. As several research studies have shown not all customers are equally profitable for an individual company [16]. 3. 2. Role of Service Providers in the Banking Sector Although CRM has become widely recognized as an important business approach, there is no universally accepted definition of CRM. Swift defined CRM as an ‘enterprise approach to understanding and influencing customer behaviour through meaningful communications in order to improve customer acquisition, customer retention, customer loyalty, and customer profitability’ [17]. Kincaid viewed CRM as ‘the strategic use of information, processes, technology, and people to manage the customer’s relationship with your company (Marketing, Sales, Services, and Support) across the whole customer life cycle’ [18]. Parvatiyar and Sheth defined CRM as ‘a comprehensive strategy and process of acquiring, retaining, and partnering with selective customers to create superior value for the company and the customer [19]. 3. 3. Customer Loyalty, Customer Retention and Customer Relationships Customer satisfaction and loyalty are some key elements of business success and profitability. The more satisfied the customer, the more loyal the customer and the more Volume:01, Number:04, August-2011 www. theinternationaljournal. org Page 3 durable the relationship. And the longer this lasts, the more profit the company stands to make and the higher the market share. Getting existing customers to provide referrals should be one of the effective ways to add new business [20]. A referral from a customer can often open the gates and allow a salesperson access to previously unreachable prospects. Huntley found that when the quality of relationship is high, customers are more willing to recommend the seller’s offerings to colleagues and they purchase more from the seller [21]. Maintaining high-quality relationships with customers appears to increase their willingness to provide referrals [22]. Customer satisfaction and loyalty are highly correlated [23], but they form two distinct constructs [24]. Customer satisfaction with a bank relationship is a good basis for loyalty [25, 26], although it does not guarantee it, because even satisfied customers switch banks [27]. One important reason for switching is pricing [28, 29]. Hence, banks have launched customer loyalty programmes that provide economic incentives. Although the effectiveness of loyalty programmes has been questioned [30, 31, 32], research has shown that they have a significant, positive impact on customer retention and share of customer purchases [33, 34]. In a similar vein, Reinartz and Kumar suggest that customers can be grouped according to share-of-wallet and profitable lifetime duration, and that each customer group should be targeted with a specific strategy [35]. By adopting such a customer focused strategy, organisations can maximise the lifetime value of each customer by anticipating needs and offering timely solutions [36]. Likewise, according to Hartfeil, ‘Products are not profitable; customers are, and we analysed our customer base, segment by segment, we found that each required a different strategy to maximize its profitability to the bank [37]. For instance, every customer (both business and personal) is assigned to a banker at National Australia Bank Ltd whereby bankers are required to actively manage their portfolios according to volume of business, interest margin spread, fee income, profitability, customer retention, and the acquisition of new customers [38]. While ample literature is available on generic CRM today, hardly any information is forthcoming on the gains from CRM initiatives in the Indian banking sector. There is scarce literature on how the customers respond to the CRM measures adopted by the banks. This research has attempted to study the customer perceptions pertaining to the CRM initiatives adopted by the banks in India. Thus it helps to investigate the front-end effectives of CRM strategies in the banking sector. 4. Research Methodology This is a descriptive study using primary data collected through an experience survey. The data collection instrument used was a 3-part structured questionnaire using a 5-point Likert Scale. Part-1 was pertaining to the relationship building aspect of CRM and it had 19 questions which were framed using the relevant variables identified from literature review. Part-2 focused specifically on the interaction with the customer service representatives. Part-3 was concerned with customer perceptions on complaint handling and his/her behavioural intentions. Necessary demographic details were also collected to serve as categorizing variables. Prior to data collection, a pilot test was conducted to ensure comprehensiveness, clarity and reliability of the questionnaire. The pretesting of the questionnaire was done among 10 customers randomly, resulting in some minor modifications of the wordings of some survey Volume:01, Number:04, August-2011 www. theinternationaljournal. rg Page 4 items. The method used to administer the questionnaire was through a personal interview so as to obtain more accurate, reliable and valid information and to make the respondents at ease by maintaining a social rapport with them. The target population to be sampled was the individual customers of the Indian banking sector. Owing to the need for a relatively large sample size while at the same time keeping the research costs down, the sample size of this study amounted to 150 customers and the quota sampling technique was adopted based on the net profit and market share figure as shown in Table-1 below.

ENG C291 Probabilistic Methods in Structural Engineering ( Curriculum Essay

ENG C291 Probabilistic Methods in Structural Engineering ( Curriculum BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL) - Essay Example echniques for providing significant mathematical measures for designing reliable and secure structures, which are more oriented towards maintaining their elevation and integrity, without being distracted or disturbed by external/internal calamities. Structural engineering is sub-domain of engineering, which deals with the evaluation and analysis of large/small structural designs, offering self-sustenance, reliability, and load resistance features. As part of the civil engineering and architecture designing discipline; this particular subject carries a very deep association with the art of mathematical modeling, geometrical designing, proportion-based physical calculations, etc. As can be witnessed practically; the two common factors between all the structural samples are integrity and reliability, which are often achieved through precise mathematical and statistical calculations. In this regard, generally, the structures over which calculations or analysis is performed, are called structural systems (more technically, filtering systems). According to Augusti et al. (1984), these systems are roughly defined by three important aspects, which shape their overall integrity. These aspects include ‘input’ to the system q uantities acting over the system, system quantities which are pre-included part of any system, and ‘output’ quantities, which are resulted from a system. With these in hand, an engineer working on these structures (systems) can take necessary actions for analyzing structural properties, and set different regulatory parameters, for the sake of reliability and integrity assurance. For instance, a system (structure) can be considered, which has its foundations on a horizontal plane. This system is getting influenced by external horizontal and vertical forces on fixed and arbitrary upper ends, and is leaning slightly towards one end, which is decided by the vector product of both forces. Within this system, the horizontal and vertical forces can be

Higher Education in Qatar Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Higher Education in Qatar - Research Paper Example The Sheik is a capable man eager to set the state in continuous motion of self-independence and sustainability in the future should the oil and gas become extinct. In this case, the generation thus created will be able to stand on its feet and enhance innovation through education (Fromherz, 2012). Not only is this the main factor and project, but also the principal transformation through policies geared to motivate research and technology in production sectors. The country being limited by the amount of rainfall cannot thus depend on agriculture, but has come up to be a rich mine of the gas and oil which are the main sources of per capita income and which has now been used to better the education sector in order to raise a generation that can fend for itself in the near future. Qatar National Development Strategy 2011-2016 was implemented towards the achievement of Qatar National Vision 2030. The Vision aims to create sustainable economic prosperity, promote human development, creati ng a sound social development and sustaining the environment for future generations (Zellman, 2007). The national strategy is one of the key issues that take into consideration the cultural and religious values of the state with an overall mission of providing a balanced and sustainable growth by the year 2030 (Davis, 2012). Among the key elements that the government factored to be used as a tool for sustainable development was education which was to be made available to all citizen and foreigners cheaply (Boys, 2011). To achieve continuous modernization requires the development of the education system and public institutions which aim at providing quality management and services to the general... Qatar National Development Strategy 2011-2016 was implemented towards the achievement of Qatar National Vision 2030. The Vision aims to create sustainable economic prosperity, promote human development, creating a sound social development and sustaining the environment for future generations (Zellman, 2007). The national strategy is one of the key issues that take into consideration the cultural and religious values of the state with an overall mission of providing a balanced and sustainable growth by the year 2030(Davis, 2012).Among the key elements that the government factored to be used as a tool for sustainable development was education which was to be made available to all citizen and foreigners cheaply(Boys, 2011). To achieve continuous modernization requires the development of the education system and public institutions which aim at providing quality management and services to the general public. The aim of the National Strategy is also to highlight the key areas to address t he position of the state in global economic trends and clearly state the roles to be played to enhance both regional and international levels of production. Chapter four of the strategy provides for the human development and highlights the critical issues with regard to education. The main focus here is to realize Qatar National Vision 2030 for education and training, addressing education issues, improving K-12 general education, enhancing higher education, as well as scientific research.

What Is Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Is Poverty - Essay Example But look at it this way, if America which is considered as one of the wealthiest nations in the world has this problem, how much more in other developing economies? The article might seem like an exaggeration of what poverty is. Yet at the eyes of Africans and Asians, this is just a minute detail of the life they are living. The article defines poverty as being dirty, tired, cold during winter and having insects all over you in summer, asking for other’s people help, remembering how you are treated rudely, and having no access to what the rich call basic necessities. In a way, this definition of poverty encapsulates how it is to be poor in comparison to the rich people around you. The article has been right to point out that poverty devoids people of a chance of being clean since there is no money to buy soap and sometimes even water. Poverty also makes one susceptible to the cold in winter and the insects in the summer. Because of our culture of measuring and accepting an individual based on his social status, the poor also struggles with the lack of social circles and being constrained in their immediate environment. Lastly, it means having to be sick, uneducated and remain poor the rest of your life. It also is giving up your relationships because it burdens you more. This account of poverty from a person in the US is nothing compared to what is experienced in third world countries. In these nations, poverty goes beyond not having a decent home and decent clothing—poverty means having no roof to shield you from the sun and rain and no clothes to cover your body. It also means living in dumpsites and collecting garbage with the hope of finding thrown away food. It is asking for help and desperately stealing to fill your stomach. Yet, in third world countries, poverty and good relationship is much more honored than riches without the people you love. At most instances, poverty

New York City Mayor Dinkins, Giuliani, and Bloomberg Essay

New York City Mayor Dinkins, Giuliani, and Bloomberg - Essay Example b. Rodulf Guiliani – Rudy Guliani ran under the slogan of effective policing and ending crimes to restore the quality of life in New York. This slogan won him the Mayoralty of New York in 1990 with a narrow margin over David Dinkins who was perceived to have poor control over the criminalities in New York. Rudy was known to have significantly reduced crime and cleaned New York of its rogue elements. He was famous for implementing his â€Å"Broken Window† approach that any disorder in the city, however small, should be dealt with firmly (Sapir, 2009). Guiliani’s â€Å"broken windows† posits that by being firm against small crimes, it sends a message that serious crime will surely not be tolerated also and such, reduction of crimes will follow (The Vancouver Province, 2008). During Guiliani’s term as a mayor, the drop of crime rates in New York exceeded all national figures. Frank Zimring in his book The Great Crime Decline concluded that the drop in crime rate in New York was a result of serious policing of Guiliani’s administration (2006). Guiliani’s term ended in 2001, the same year of the infamous September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center. Being famous of how he handled the 9/11 crisis â€Å"he tried to overturn term limits so he could run again but was rebuffed† (Rudin, 2009). He instead endorsed Michael Bloomberg for the mayoralty race under the slogan of fighting crime as Guiliani reminding New Yorkers about â€Å"the fear of going out at night and walking the streets," and suggesting that if Bloomberg were to lose, "this city could very easily be taken back in a very different direction — it could very easily be taken back to the way it was with the wrong political leadership (Rudin, 2009)". Bloomberg won by a narrow margin. c. Michael Bloomberg – unlike Guiliani, Michael Bloomberg was able to run for a third term when he successfully passed a bill through the New York City Council in 2009 that removes term limits which in

Healthcare Law & Ethics - Advanced Directives Essay

Healthcare Law & Ethics - Advanced Directives - Essay Example Firstly, the will should be made by someone in his sound state of mind. Secondly, a living will should be specific about the duties or decisions to be made. Thirdly, a living will should be voluntary. This means that the maker of a living will should not be under duress to do so. 2. A health care proxy is a written document that permits a patient to appoint someone called an agent to make specific decisions affecting the health of such patient in the event the patient is incapable of making decisions. However, so long as the patient is in position to make decisions himself, the health care proxy will not be effective. Health care proxy should meet certain conditions. In most cases, people appointed as health care proxies are people who are closely related to the patient such as next of kin. Another condition of a health care proxy is that it can not be signed by the physician attending to the patient. In addition, the patient can issue other instructions to nullify the preexisting conditions. The common health care proxies are issued when someone is about to undergo a major medical operation. 3. Durable power of Attorney refers to general, specific as well as health care instructions or powers given to someone that will be exercised when the issuer becomes mentally incompetent. Someone can also sign a durable power of attorney form. Fundamentally, they are not different from other powers of the attorney. However, a few texts or words are added to make them durable. However, just like other powers of the attorney, they only become effective only when the issuer becomes mentally incompetent or incapacitated. Such powers may require the appointed agent to make decisions concerning matters such as how to handle bank transactions, purchasing life insurance, settling claims, buying and selling of property, management of real estates, among others. Such instruction should be make by someone in his

Public Relations Strategy Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Relations Strategy Paper - Essay Example These tools are designed as public outreach events, lasting five days to two weeks, aimed at encouraging students, teachers, and the general public to view the school as friendly. It will encourage contributions in different ways, to ensure the school gets a good reputation and see to it that the target group becomes interested in the events, with ideas shared to maximize the impact on the target group. In the general strategic plan, event planning is one of the most important tools, which in respect to public school would best take the form of a festival, ceremony, competition, convention or a party (Japheth, 2006 pg 5). This will be the duty of the School Board to decide the best event. However, it will be imperative to kindly note that whichever event they choose will follow criteria similar to all. After the board approves the budget for the event(s), dates and alternative dates will have to be set. It will also be a collective duty for the planners to select and reserve the event site, acquire permits from the necessary authorities, coordinate transportation and parking. Once the event has been decided upon by the Board, a theme or a motif for the event will have to be developed which will have a focus aimed at publicity. Should the event require speakers, arrangements for them as well as alternative speakers will be required. Also important is to coordinate location support, such as electricity and other utilities, arranging dcor, chairs, tables, tent, police, catering, toilets, parking and signage. This is not to forget event support and security, emergency, clean up as well as health care professionals who would attend to any fatalities. In order that all the involved parties in the event share a common mental picture of the event in question, a simple training will have to be organized by Fairfax to assist them in handling all the event pressure and work efficiently. Since it is a communication based event, a qualified coordinator, planner or an event manager will be necessary lest the event takes the wrong direction which might work against building good publicity e.g. an accident that goes unattended would tarnish the school's image as nave. Since the purpose for the event is to create a good publicity for the school, deadlines must be met. Press Conference Striving for good school publicity, a positive message must be considered. I would recommend a strong slogan such as: "Fairfax County Public School, the place to be", which would be captivating to everyone without sounding exaggerated. Press releases would be made from the school compounds, with students from all races seen smiling. It would also be important to show that the school has over 168,000 students enrolled, making it the largest public school system in the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area and in Virginia (Lucy McKenzie,2009). On the press conference, which would be held in the school, it would be a great idea to have the superintendent of schools hammer the sentiments that the school division is the largest in the nation, and also maintains the largest fleet of school buses in the United States (Lucy McKenzie, 2009) The best method for distributing press releases would be through snail mail, where a creative subject such as the slogan, "Fairfax County P

American Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American Culture - Essay Example Gloria Anzaldua defines the â€Å"mestiza consciousness† as the transition from â€Å"convergent† to â€Å"divergent thinking† (16). It means that the Chicana should stop accommodating and integrating the dominating languages and sets of thinking of the white people, which is a â€Å"converging process,† and instead, they should express themselves according to their own language/s and experiences, which concerns divergent thinking and behavior. Language is a specific indicator of the â€Å"mestiza consciousness,† because Anzaldua asserts that it is unnatural for Hispanics to be always interpreting or translating themselves in English, when they would rather take pride in speaking, and hence, legitimizing, their wide range of languages, including Chicano-Texas Spanish, Spanglish, and other forms of combined or pure Hispanic languages (9). Anzaldua is concerned that the law has not properly accepted these languages as legitimate, with the constant use of English in laws and social institutions. She mentions the difference between natural and unnatural geographic borders that impact Mexicans’ cultural development. The ocean acknowledges natural borders, while the U.S. has erected unnatural borders to keep out illegal immigrants. Unnatural borders intend to keep out the â€Å"other† race, which is an effort to maintain policing racial relations. Furthermore, as American citizens, who are supposed to be equal with the whites, Anzaldua emphasizes the importance of not allowing the state to dictate the Chicana’s linguistic and individuality development. Somerville and Discussions of Sexuality and Race Siobhan B. Somerville examines sexuality and race in light of the history of sexology in the United States and the rise of eugenicist and antimiscegenation attitudes and legislation in the essay, â€Å"Scientific Racism and the Invention of the Homosexual Body.† As the nineteenth century ended, sexologists wa nted to define and examine sexuality using medical discourse, instead of legalistic terms, which was the practice during that time (18). Somerville emphasizes that from here, the discourse on scientific racism developed, where the â€Å"homosexual† body is invented based on both gender and racial lines. These studies, for instance, highlighted the biological, sexual differences between white and black women, where the latter were separated from the former through their â€Å"remarkable development of the labia minora† (26). This emphasis demonstrated how racial differences lead to â€Å"peculiar† sexual boundaries and that this peculiarity also affected attitudes toward the colored races (Somerville 26). During this time, eugenicist and antimiscegenation attitudes also abounded. Eugenics lamented about the rise of mixed races (i.e. mulattos) and immigration, because it diluted the white stock. Eugenics promoted â€Å"selective reproduction† (30) to purify the white race once more. Anti-miscegenation laws were then enforced levels of racial segregation at marriage and intimate relationship levels. Plessy v. Fergusson, for instance, is based on racial discrimination that focuses on sexuality, because it imposes racial purity through physical segregation of the races (Somerville 37). Hence, it can be seen that the state used the law to impose racial discrimination based on primitive assumptions about race’s impact on sexuality and human behavior. Alexander: Heteropatriarchy, Heteronormativity,

Marketing Plan Executive Summary Essay Example for Free

Marketing Plan Executive Summary Essay {Insert Name Here} provides the best in patient centered healthcare North Decatur has to offer. {Insert} will provide quality healthcare in a number of specialties, having a primary focus on our Heart and Vascular Center services. As our hospital continues to grow, we are devoted to staying up to date and providing our patients with cutting edge technology options, while caring for them wholeheartedly. Many of our premier services we offer to our patients are those in our Heart and Vascular Center, where interventional procedures are taking place every day in order to prevent our patients from having to undergo open-heart surgeries and being transferred to tertiary facilities. The Heart Vascular Center is equipped with state-of-the-art procedure rooms that offer patients the most advanced form of cardiovascular imaging in the area. We employ the latest heart care and vascular technology which provides the ability to perform both cardiac and peripheral vascular procedures on a single system. Our technology gives detailed diagnostic information that leads to effective treatments of heart and vascular diseases. This up to date equipment is at the fingertips of our physicians allowing them to perform intricate procedures such as placing balloons, stents and other therapeutic agents in vessels requiring treatment. By informing our service area and the general public of our competent and well educated cardiology specialists and elegant state-of-the-art amenities through grassroots outlets and direct contact, {Insert} will quickly gain more market share. We will also provide benchmarked customer service and flexibility. Targeted consumers of our services will be those individuals and families in nearby communities at higher risks of contracting cardiovascular diseases due to lifestyle choices, family history, and certain demographics. These patients are usually referred after admittance to our facility or by other health care professionals such as primary care physicians, outside specialists, or extended care facilities. Our hospital has already developed an excellent reputation with many of these professionals, but plans to align ourselves with even more community health providers in order to attract more patrons in our service area. We also will also utilize data obtained from the Georgia Hospital Association to solicit consumers in our service area  directly. There are currently two other hospitals that serve North Decatur. One is a research based hospital located less than ten miles away from our location. Due to the lack of highly skilled physicians specializing in interventional cardiovascular procedures, we believe that once this is communicated with our service network, interest in their cardiovascular services will decline greatly. The other hospital currently operating in our area only markets in to small number of our targeted zip codes; they also do not offer the unique blend of specialty care and patient engagement which {Insert} will be providing.Objectives Increase brand awareness, evidenced by an increase in unsolicited requests for services. Increase customer referrals by 7% per quarter.  80% of Customer Satisfaction Surveys returned indicating satisfaction with services. Respectable gross sales by the end of first year. Keys to Success Professional quality of services offered Reliability being available through on-call, and adequate staffing Effective collaboration with other community professionals (physicians, extended care facilities, and other organizations) Steadfast engagement with our home community, organizations, and clubs

Monetary Policies in India

Monetary Policies in India Rationale The exit of monetary policy improves the economic performance. According to Damji (2012), India implements monetary policy in order to ensure the price stability in the country and to maintains sufficient flow of credit to the productive sectors of the economy. Other than that, the monetary policy can promote economic growth and balance of payment equilibrium. In addition, India uses monetary policy because of the reason to insure the unemployment in the economy is low and the income distribution among the employees is equal. The formulating and implementing of monetary policy is responsible by Reserve Bank India. By implementing monetary policy, the Reserve Bank of India can increase and decrease the supply of currency, the rise and fall of interest rate, carry out open market operations for purchase and sell of bonds, control credit and change the reserve requirements. Reserve bank of India implements both the expansionary monetary policy and contractionary policy throughout the la st decade. Among the objectives, the two main concern a country’s implements monetary policy is to promote a rapid economic growth and maintain price stability. But, that is a tradeoff between the 2 broad objectives which are price stability and economic growth. If a country’s implements monetary tightened, in consequence will caused the growth oppressed at the beginning.(Michaer 2010)However , the current framework of monetary policy can be indicate as augmented multiple indicators approach because the models feed into the growth and inflation projection. The monetary policy tools in India mainly involved the open market operation, statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) and cash reserve ratio (CRR). By implements expansionary monetary policy, India can sustain economic growth. Increase in money supply will shift the money supply curve to the right lead to a lower interest rate, a lower interest rate will result in lower cost of borrowing in which increase the consumption and investment in the economic. The increase in consumption and investment will cause the aggregate demand curve shift rightward, in the end the price level and aggregate output increased. The increased in investment speed up the output; thus, decreased the unemployment rate in India. Other than that, the reason India implements and adopts monetary policy is to insure that there would be enough credit supply to different sectors of economy. However the rising volume of credit may cause the level of inflation increasing. As a result, India thinks that the expansion of the credit might be liable in this case. But the main factor causing the high inflation is due to the supply bottlenecks. In turns, the credit expansion is useful as it can help the small scale industries and agricultures sector to help their credit situation by making an arrangement of credit supply. Besides that, since 1997, India has a view to renaissance the investment in the country. (Palle Andersen and Ramon Moreno 2005 page164) Therefore, monetary policy in India has emphasize that there would be sufficient liquidity with low and flexible interest rate. The step is easy by cutting down the Bank rate, LAF rates and the CRR .However; they must make sure the stability of macroeconomic and financial system. By improving the operational efficacy of monetary policy, reserve bank of india can develop into a technological and institutional infrastructure. In year 2012-2013, India faces considerable stress in liquidity condition due to the large amount of government cash balances maintained with the reserve bank, increase in the demand for currency, intervention in the foreign exchange market and the discrepancy between the credit off-take and deposit mobilization. Reserve bank of India cuts SLR(Statutory liquidity ratio) by 100bps in order to improve the credit and liquidity condit ions in August 2012.Between,the CRR reduce by 75 bps in September 2012.In june 2014,reserve bank India also reduce the SLR by 50bps in order to let out Rs 39000 crore of liquidity for banks.(Shetty,2014) ,The improvement in the liquidity condition in India is by the outright of open market operations. As refer to Reserve Bank India, during year 2012-2013,1.5 trillion of bonds and shares was carried out. Besides that, monetary increased the employment in a country and reduce the inequality in income and wealth. People argue that the equal in income distribution is the role of fiscal policy but economist believes that monetary policy can serve as a supplementary role to maintaining this equality. By expansionary monetary policy, which increase the credit supply could help in creating more jobs. The reserve bank of India can demand the commercial banks with the goal to enhance credit flow to employment intensive sectors such as agriculture, micro and small enterprises, as well as for affordable housing and education loans by instruct the percentage of its loans portfolios to priority areas without restriction. (Bhattacharyya, 2012) page 8.In India, the social class are normally classify into two classes, rich and poor . Rich class is said to take and advantage of the poor class. So, it’s important for India to implements the monetary policy to reduce such inequalities. The major concern of India is the inflation is rising, mainly of food items. As a result to ensure a financial stability is the most important consideration in the implements and adoptions of monetary policy. Price continuously rising during year 2005-2006 , the annual average rate of inflation stood at 4.4 per cent, increased to 5.5 per cent during year 2006-2007.In year 2008, the financial crisis ,the inflation rate went up to 12.6 per cent, which is very high due to the overheating of the economy.(Damji,2012) During the financial crisis, Reserve bank of India implements contractiondary monetary policy in order to maintain the price stability and to stabilize the inflation .By decreased the money supply, the interest rate moved up lead to the higher cost of borrowing would caused the consumption and investment to drop. As consumption and investment is the components of aggregate expenditure therefore will caused the aggregate demand curve to decrease, result in a decrease in the pr ice level and lower down the inflation rate. However, Reserve Bank of India will prevent the price rise by implements monetary policy only when the price in the economy is out of control. (Damji,2012) To maintain price stability meant that to ensure that there are not too high inflation or deflation which caused by the drop in output of inefficient of the allocation of resources. It is a low or stable inflation. (Mohanty 2010) The objective of monetary policy in India is to increase the rate of capital formation which speeds up the rate of economic growth. In order to increase the rate of capital formation, the Reserve Bank of India implements contractionary policy to encourage saving ,By implements contractionary monetary policy will lead to a rise in interest rate .The cost of borrowing is high, thus the demand of money would drop, Therefore by this policy the Reserve bank of India not only encourage people in saving as well as reduce the spending in the market which might lead to increase in price level in the economic. With the aim to maintaining a stability of the national currency, Reserve bank of India implements contractionary monetary policy to tighten liquidity in order to support rupee which had depreciate. (PTI, 2013)In year 2013, Reserve bank of India decreased the LAF(liquidity adjustment facility) from 1 percent of the total deposits to 0.5 percent each bank. As a result, the borrowed funds from the reserve bank of India being restricted. Besides decrease the LAF, another method is the reserve bank of India has required the banks to have a high average CRR (cash reserve ratio) of 99 % which beyond the earlier of 70%. In addition, this would lead to a raised of short term interest rates and the bank are now announced to sell government securities in order to raised core from open market operations. *Monetary policy in India endeavours to maintain a judicious balance between price stability, economic growth and financial stability.

Historical Analysis On 1920s :: essays research papers

"Wedding Band" by Alice Childress is a story of a love/hate interracial relationship between two lovers in the south. The play is set in South Carolina in 1918. "Wedding Band" truly captures the essence of the time and place in which the play was set in. That era (1915-1931) is one of the most significant in the history of this young nation. The decade of the 1920's is often characterized as a period of American prosperity and optimism. It was the "Roaring Twenties," the decade of the bath tub gin, the model T, the $5 work day, the first transatlantic flight, and the movie. It was a high point in African-American history as well. The Harlem Renaissance took shape; it was a time when African Americans began an intellectual movement. Harlem became the center of African-American culture. Most African-Americans began a movement to rethink their values and appreciation of their roots and Africa. The "Great Migration" began at this time. Approximate ly two million Southern blacks move to northern industrial centers in hopes to escape the oppressive nature of the deep south. However, for every upside their is a downside. The decade was a period of rising intolerance and isolation. Americans retreated into a provincialism evidenced by the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, the anti radical hysteria of the Palmer raids, restrictive immigration laws, and prohibition. Influenza and the first world war brought an alarming amount of Americans to an early death. Racial motivated riots spread throughout the country and protests endorsing and condemning racism were the norm. Life in the south was at most times unbearable for the blacks, and many felt that the southern atmosphere had such a suffocating affect on them that escape was the best option. African-Americans were showing their pain inside, little by little proving themselves to the racist whites in the south that they were somebody, not a property, but a human being with self worth and dignity who should be treated equally. The main place that the black southerners were blinded of was the urban places in the north. These were the places that captured their attention. Many of the southerners who were enslaved or sons and daughters of enslaved Africans began to migrate in the northern cities. These were the places where they began to live a life of independence and freedom. The migration of the black southerners was a success.

the good and bad of telecommuting :: essays research papers

The good and bad of telecommuting   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Telecommuting may be the movement of the future, which will allow more people to work away from the office. Many people see telecommuting as a way to be close to home or allow them to be connected to their organization while working abroad. While telecommuting might work for some people, telecommuting is not for everyone. There are many disadvantages; as well advantages to telecommuting which most people do not take into account. When considering telecommuting, the advantages fall for both employer and employee. The same can be said about the disadvantages of telecommuting. Advantages of Telecommuting One of the main driving factors for any company is economics and how will telecommuting allow the corporation to be profitable. The primary saving for companies embarking upon the telecommuting concept is the reduction in the amount of office space required to conduct business. Telecommuting benefits the employer because they have an expanded pool of employees. The skills of employees with commuting difficulties, childcare conflict, disabilities, geographical barriers are made available to a telecommuting employer. Companies are now starting to expanding oversees where the labor price is cheaper for telecommuting. This however can be looked at as both an advantage to the employer, and as a disadvantage to the employee. The advantage of telecommuting for some employees can be invaluable. One huge advantage an employee has when telecommuting is flexibility. Telecommuting allows for increased flexibility to coordinate work schedules with personal and family priorities. Flexible working arrangements improve quality and work done (Dudman, 2001). Achieving a balance between work and personal duties can help individuals gain more control over their lives. Often overlooked is the impact telecommuting has on the environment. One great advantage for the environment is the conservation of energy. With a great deal of energy is required to produce a vast amount of transportation vehicles such as automobiles, buses and subways. The fuel required to operate these vehicles would be reduced. An employee also is also a great consumer of energy, once at an office, the office building has heating, cooling, and lighting needs. When magnified, the energy use can be great. Whereas working from home requires only a minimal amount of energy use for heating, cooling, and lighting needs. For every advantage, most of the time there are disadvantages associated with it. Disadvantages of Telecommuting One huge disadvantage that employers face with the use of telecommuting is losing direct control over the employees.

Manila Zoo Background Essay

The Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden or Manila Zoo emerged from the ashes of World War II, a proud monument of man’s innate love of nature and its multitude of creatures. This showcase of then Mayor Arsenio H. Lacson’s vision was born on May 18, 1959 by virtue of City Ordinance No. 4135 and inaugurated on July 25, 1959. Mayor Antonio Z. Villegas’ Executive Order No. 10, dated February 1, 1967, integrated into one office the Division of Recreational Services of the Social Welfare Bureau and the Division of Parks and Playgrounds of the Department of Engineering and Public Works with the Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden. The new office was known as the Manila Zoo and Public Recreations Bureau. On June 15, 1969 the Congress of the Philippines enacted R.A. 5264 creating what now is known as the Public Recreations Bureau (PRB). The Manila Zoo is a 5.5-hectare (14-acre) zoo located in Manila, Philippines that opened it’s doors to the public on July 25, 1959. It receives millions of visitors every year, and is especially popular with visitors on weekends. It serves as one of the educational centers in the country where the viewing public can observe, discover and learn interesting facts about the beauty of Philippine fauna and flora. There are 106 species of animals, among which are 30 different kinds of mammals, 63 reptile species and 13 types of birds. In addition to popular zoo occupants such as elephant, tigers, lions and the hippos, Manila Zoo also houses several endemic and indigenous species of animals like the bearcat, long-tailed macaques and crocodiles. There is also a Kinder Zoo inside the Manila Zoo where anyone can roam around freely and interact with the animals inside. Children can play with tamed animals at the same time learn about them and their environment. The Kinder Zoo features different attractions and animals from all over the world like Butterfly Dome, Exotic Birds Aviary, Koi Pond, Philippine Mouse Deer House, Petting Zoo, Turtle Pond, Party Barn, Playground, Hanging Bridge and Flamingo Pond. Animals inside include exotic birds, pot belly pigs, miniature animals, Cayman crocodiles, peacocks and peahen ducks, chickens from around the world, rabbits, snakes, ostriches, and Sulcata tortoises. At the center of the zoo is a small lagoon or pond where visitors can experience boat riding. There  is a small island at the center of the lagoon. Boat riders paddle their way around this island. There are also many restaurants, canteens and souvenir shops inside the zoo. The zoo also has several playgrounds for the children and tables and benches where families may have picnics. With a good mix of education and entertainment purposes, the Manila Zoo does its best to appeal to everyone. ANIMALS The Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden is home to more than 800 animals from nearly 100 species as of 2007. The zoo’s most popular resident is Mali, an Asian elephant who arrived at the zoo as an orphaned calf donated from Sri Lanka. List of Animals: Multicolored Stork Blue-crowned Heron Purple Heron Rufous Night Heron Indian Blue Peafowl Leucistic Indian Peafowl Bengal tiger Philippine Monkey Silver Fox Palawan Bearcat Stump-tailed Macaque Philippine Crocodile Estuarine Crocodile Domestic Horse Wild Boar Miniature Brahman Green Iguana Sailfin Lizard Elongated Tortoise Philippine Cobra Burmese Python Reticulated Python Tarictic Hornbill Rufous Hornbill Catalina Macaw Hybrid Macaw Umbrella Cockatoo Moluccan Cockatoo Sulfur-crested Cockatoo Rufous-bellied Eagle Eastern Grass-owl Large-billed Crow Philippine Eagle-owl Philippine Scops-owl Banded Rail Bittern Blue-naped Parrot Brown Booby Crested Myna Egret Gallinule Mallard Palawan Peacock-pheasant Pond Heron Purple Swamphen Spotted Dove Ring-necked Parakeet Turtle Dove Water Hen White Ibis Nicobar Pigeon Fruit Bat Luzon Bleeding-heart Hanging parrot Malayan Civet Palawan Bearcat Monitor lizard Soft-shelled Turtle Goose Rhea Cassowary Ostrich Hippopotamus Zebra Llama Coati Japanese Macaque Cloud Rat Orangutan Goat Guinea Pig Rabbit BOTANICAL GARDEN The Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden is home to many plant collections, from the botanically rich and diverse Philippine Islands and South Pacific region. An estimated 500 species of plants including impressive mature shade trees thrive within the enclave. Aside from being a botanical garden, it is also considered as an arboretum.

Five Forces Analysis: Adidas

Five Forces Analysis Intensity of Competitive Rivalry There are several firms fiercely competing Adidas for more market share, including Nike, Puma, Reebok and Umbro to name a few. Adidas must ensure that their goods are of a high quality and at a reasonable price in order to keep their market share in this industry. Intensity in this industry is high as there are a large number of organisations with similar products all trying to gain market share. Threat of Entry to the Industry by New CompetitorsThere isn’t very much of a threat of new competitors to Adidas as there are high barriers of entry to this industry, such as, high set up costs, economies of scale, legal barriers, marketing barrier and control over raw materials. This means that not many new organisations could break into this industry, as it would be very expensive to start up and run a company that could be a threat to a major brand such as Adidas. Also, Research and Development costs are to be considered, as the y would be extremely high due to the organisation not having any previous knowledge about the industry or about designing and producing the goods.Another point why it is highly unlikely that a new organisation could enter the industry and compete with Adidas is they will either have to pay out loads of money on factories and machinery for producing their goods, which could backfire if they were not to succeed, or they could try to compete without a factory or machinery for production, this wouldn’t work as the new organisation wouldn’t be able to produce enough products to compete with any leading brands such as Adidas, Nike, Puma, Reebok etc.Threat from Substitute Products or Services There is a threat to Adidas from other manufacturers’ products as there are many companies that produce football boots. However, Adidas produce football boots that have unique features, such as the rubber pads on the boots. Therefore, as Adidas’s products are unique they ha ve an edge over their competitors as non of their products have rubber pads on their boots. This will help Adidas to sell more products and ultimately put the other organisations out of business.Also, substitutes for football boots could also include footwear and sports clothes for other sports as people could take up new sports. Power of Suppliers Adidas raw materials to make football boots are not supplied by a monopoly. This gives Adidas more power to dictate the price at which they buy their raw materials, as there are a large number of competitive suppliers. Power of Buyers Adidas’s products are mainly sold in bulk to major sports outlets such as JJB Sports, JD Sports and Sports Soccer.Also, large amounts of products are sold in bulk to online stores such as Pro Direct Soccer and Sports Shoes. As Adidas rely quite heavily o these buyers they have to sell their products at relatively low prices. However, there are a small amount of customers who buy products directly from Adidas, when Adidas sell their products to one off customers they can dictate the price as Adidas don’t rely on making these sales.

CHANGING ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE SOCIETY Essay

â€Å"A woman is the full Circle. Within her is the power to create, nurture and transform†. Diane Mariechild. Historically women in India were revered and the birth of a girl was widely believed to mark the arrival of Lakshmi – the Goddess of wealth and riches. Women have been considered ‘janani’, i.e., the progenitor and ‘ardhanigini’ i.e., half of the body. Women are also considered to be an embodiment of Goddess Durga. Women have shouldered equal responsibilities with men. So if history has incarnated women to be the goddess of wealth and riches or Goddess Durga herself, so why there had been gender discrimination in the society since ages? Why sex-selective abortions are there? Widespread discrimination against women is, however, reflected in recurrent incidents of rape, acid throwing, dowry killings, wife beating, honour killings, forced prostitution, etc. Some of these issues were highlighted by ‘Satyamev Jayate’ (Truth alon e prevails) – an acclaimed television show hosted by Bollywood icon Aamir Khan. A global poll conducted by Thomson Reuters rated India as the â€Å"fourth most dangerous country† globally for women, and the worst country for women among the G20 countries. Gender discrimination is not only inequitable but also hampers the development of the nation. Evidently no country can sustain its development if it underutilizes its women, who constitute almost half the population. Thus, to fight against the said issues women have changed their role in the society, from being housewives, timid and influential to being a employee, independent and assertive, self-reliant and confident. For centuries, woman and their rights have been oppressed by the dominance of man. There has been continued struggle for the recognition of woman’s cultural roles and achievements, and for their social and political rights. It was very much a patriarchal society for woman, which hindered or prevented woman from realizing their productive and creative possibilities. They have been op pressed to a point where they were treated as a completely different species. They were in a country that seemed to be a dark tunnel with no hope, dreams, or sense of fulfillment. These ideas where seen in the play Merchant of Venice written by William Shakespeare in c. 1598 when Portia and Nerissa have to dress up as men so that they can enter the court room to help Antonio because woman are not allowed to enter courtrooms along with many other public places men had deemed unbefitting for woman. Their only identity was being a mother or housewife and nothing beyond that. They were  timid and influential. But now women have been given their natural birthrights, and they are now able to do everything males can do. Their role has changed in the society. They are now the bread-winners of the family. They perform a variety of jobs, from being astronauts like Kalpana Chawla to famous sportsperson like Sania Mirza, from being politicians like Sonia Gandhi and Meera Kumari to writers and winners of Booker Prize like Arundhati Roy. This change in role has also increased the versatility of women by managing household and work with equanimity. Being the bread-winners of the family i.e. being employed has made women independent, self-reliant and confident. Financial income of the family has also increase leading to better standards of living. Women are now participating in international events. The attitude of people towards women is changing to. Women are now foraying into all fields. They have become scientists, successful teachers, politicians, literary figures, astronauts, philosophers etc. No frontier is now forbidden for womankind. But according to me, this change of role has a disadvantage too. Due to both working father and mother, the children suffer. Children are losing the moral values that earlier were present in every person. The quality time which a mother used to spend with her children is missing. This is really harmful as children are losing the necessary moral and ethics. This is my opinion and neither I am not protesting the act of women working outside.

Gryphon: Teacher and Baxter

â€Å"Gryphon† is a short story about women. Author showed two types of women. The first type represented by the teacher, and the second type represented by the narrator’s mother. The teacher represents women who are free and not restricted by family. She was not married, she traveled in order to explore the world, and she was well educated, while narrator’s mother was a typically housewife dependent on her husband and predestined to â€Å"full- time mothering at home† (Rich, 1996) In the first paragraph is presented Miss Ferenczi a substitute teacher.Unlike other boring normal substitute teachers, who â€Å"provided easeful class day, and nervously covered material† (Baxter, p. 15)into the class came woman they had never seen. â€Å"She was no special age but her face had two prominent lines, descending vertically from the sides of her mouth to her chin. I knew where I had seen those lines before: Pinocchio. They were marionette lines† (Baxt er, 2010). As she walks to the blackboard, picking up pieces of white and green chalk, she draws a large oak tree on the left side of the blackboard saying the class needs this tree in it. Then she told the class about her royal Hungarian ancestor.She was proud of her mother being a famous pianist who succeeded her first concert in London for ? crowned heads. The substitute teacher’s behavior and personality surprised her students because she was strange. She was different from their mothers, which were uneducated housewives sitting â€Å"silently at the back of the room, doing her knitting. † (Baxter, 2010) Narrator’s mother â€Å"face and hairstyle always reminded other people of Betty Crocker, whose picture was framed inside a gigantic spoon on the side of the Bisquick box† (Baxter, 2010). For him his â€Å"mother face just looked white† (Baxter, 2010).She always had chores to do; she was only interested in cleaning and cooking. She did not part icipate in the life of her son, she really did not talk to him, she just command. They only have time for talking when â€Å"the father gets home† (Baxter, 2010). Everything has to be prepared before† the Lord's† coming home. For her the most important thing was â€Å"to clean up before dinner† (Baxter, 2010). The diamond is one symbol that helps to convey this theme. According to Miss Ferenczi â€Å"diamond s are magic and this is why women wear them on their fingers, as a sign of the magic womanhood† (Baxter, 2010).Every young girl dreams of a fairy-tale prince and to live happily ever after. In the consciousness of young women is a deeply rooted compulsion to marriage. â€Å"Women have married because it was necessary, in order to survive economically, in order to have children who would not suffer economic deprivation or social ostracism†. (Rich, 1996) In a really life it turns out that marriage is a trap. Men manifest a male power and tre at â€Å"the institution of marriage and motherhood as unpaid production† (Rich, 1996). They â€Å"confine women physically and prevent their movement† (Rich, 1996).Also narrator’s mother was in this kind of trap. â€Å"She touched the back of her hand to my forehead and I felt her diamond ring against my skin† (Baxter, 2010). â€Å"The diamond in the world was cursed and had killed everyone who owned it, and that by trick of fate it was called the Hope diamond† (Baxter, 2010). The same as marriage could kill women’s creativeness and their independence. â€Å"Definition of male pursuits as more valuable than female within any culture, so that cultural values become the embodiment of male subjectivity: restriction of female self- fulfillment to marriage and motherhood†. Rich, 1996) In an attempt to show† the restriction of female self- fulfillment to marriage and motherhood â€Å" (Rich, 1996) Miss Ferenczi predicted the future of their students using a tarot. Predictions are shown to be different for girls and boys. In the girl’s future she did not see higher education but she saw an early marriage, many children and tasks of housewife life, while in boy’s future: travel, late marriage and â€Å"maybe a good life† (Baxter, 2010). It is a proof that the situation of women is the same for many generations regardless of time, place and culture. In the short story â€Å"Gryphon† were shown two women and two styles of life.A common part for these two women is just sex. The substitute teacher was as the fabulous beast – gryphon – â€Å"with the head and wings of an eagle and the body of a lion† (Baxter, 2010) meanwhile a narrator’s mother was like a most women, who need men as social and economic protectors. Work Cited Charles Baxter. â€Å"Gryphon†. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandel (7th Edition). : Bo ston: Wadsworth, 2010. 242-253. Print. Adriane Rich â€Å"Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence†. Feminism and Sexuality. Jackson E. Scott (1996).

The Lesson of the Moth

Do you feel like you live your life to questionable? Or do you feel that life is to short and you should take every beautiful moment? Similar situation to the poem â€Å"the lesson of the moth†, the moth, he takes life for granted and rather risk his life for one moment. As for the roach he likes to take things slow as in living a longer life. He wouldn’t just throw his life away for nothing, Quality over quantity (moth) v. quantity over quality (roach). The moth is suicidal and the cockroach is a pansy. My reaction to the poem is that I agree. Also, I was surprised at how the author used animals as examples, instead of humans. it should be a combination of the two, because you should do exciting things in life but at the same time be careful what you do that way you don’t live a short life, but it is exciting at the same time. Because it’s okay to take the risky side, but if you fail it’s on you. And like the roach you’re taking more steps to a better life without any worries. I think this story teaches the lesson that some people become so sucked in with what they want in life and what they believe will make them happy they let all their inhibitions go, and their sense of reason almost disappears. What we think will make us happy, doesn’t always turn out the way we predict it to. Man and the moth are trying to accomplish the same thing†¦ a better life. Man wishes to live his life with half of the happiness and live twice as long, while the moth would rather live its life to the fullest even if it means it will be cut short.

Cinderella by the Grimm Brothers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cinderella by the Grimm Brothers - Essay Example These versions include The Story of the Black Cow, Donkeyskin by Charles Perrault and the recent Cinderella by the Grimm Brothers. The stories share certain similarities in terms of the plots, where there is an ill motive from one of the parents of the offspring, and they have to run away or endure suffering as a result. The protagonists later find love and their suffering ends. In The story of The Black Cow, the young boy has to run away from his stepmother who mistreats him but favors her daughter. In the story of Donkeyskin, the princess, who is nicknamed Donkeyskin, also has to run away from the father because he believes she is supposed to be his wife. The father is trying to fulfill his late wife’s dying wishes that he should marry a woman who is wiser and more beautiful than her. The plot in Cinderella also portrays the same theme where the girl is facing a lot of hostility from the stepmother. However, she does not have the choice of running away like the characters in the other two tales. The stories also show a lot of magical happenings. In The Story of The Black Cow, there is a cow that can talk with the boy and magically produce sweets by stomping her feet on the ground. Also, there is a snake that is supposedly holding the universe together. The snake is pleased with the cow’s action of feeding him with milk and grants the cow a wish. The cow asks the snake to cover the boy with golden clothes and make his body shine like gold, and the snake makes it happen. In the case of Donkeyskin, there is a donkey that produces gold coins instead of dung while Cinderella gets her carriage from a pumpkin and horses from mice with the help of her fairy godmother. These gifts make the characters unique from the rest, for instance the ring that only fits on Donkeyskin’s finger, the golden slipper that only fits

Interpersonal Conflict in Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interpersonal Conflict in Film - Essay Example tales being linked together, surprisingly, the director somehow manages to make the whole plot gel together to form an outstanding collage of significant chronicles and to convey a positive message for its audience. Crash is basically an analogy of the inter-racial conflict that exists in the American society. A crash or a collision by definition happens when there is a conflict in people’s individual beliefs and ideas. What makes Crash exceptional is that it is far from predictable – â€Å"we understand quickly enough who the characters are and what their lives are like, but we have no idea how they will behave, because so much depends on accident† (Ebert, 2005). What is worth noting, however, is that there are actually several portions of the film where interpersonal conflict was not handled effectively. This paper will focus on only one of the more intense interpersonal conflicts depicted in this film. The character this essay will be focused on is Cameron Thayer, a role portrayed by Terrence Howard. Cameron is a director for a television program, and he and his wife, become the subject of a policeman’s acts of prejudice against blacks. While driving home one night from work, Cameron’s Navigator is pulled over by two police officers, and due to his wife’s misconduct – being drunk, behaving argumentatively and not following orders – Christine (Cameron’s wife), is molested in front of him by LAPD officer John Ryan. Cameron does not do anything while she is being violated, and this act of not doing anything becomes the subject of the interpersonal conflict between Cameron and Christine. The conflict between the couple was unavoidable because at the time of the occurrence, Christine was drunk and acting impulsively. Before the molesting incident, Cameron tried to practice placating (Sole, 2011, p. 200) to avoid the situation from getting worse. She was uncontrollable, however, thus causing the way that the police officer treated her. This is not

BHS 400 STRESS MANAGEMENT (Module 5 SLP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

BHS 400 STRESS MANAGEMENT (Module 5 SLP) - Essay Example Good psychological adjustment to the situation and realization of inner capabilities would help to develop stress resistance. The diverse approaches of effective coping and stress management can be broadly classified into three Categories: Cognitive (Thought) Or Re-Framing Strategies and Emotion-Based Strategies (Feeling) are palliative tactics which are conceptualized to control emotional disturbances and distress. Action-Based Strategies falls under the Instrumental or problem focused approaches. Action-Based Strategies are directed towards changing stressed environment or adapt oneself to the situation to avoid the stress effectively (Koslowsky, Kluger, & Reich, 1995, p. 129, 130). The person starts blaming himself/herself for the negative consequence. The illogical thinking includes catastrophizing (exaggeration of harmful effect), personalizing (holding responsible for negative outcome), all-or-nothing thinking (feeling of losing always), overgeneralizing (fixing oneself to unpleasant endless pattern), and mental filtering (ignoring good part). (Tuller, Jan 22, 2002). Cognitive strategy is basically dealing with alteration of a thought process. Person is made to rethink the perception about the situation that made him upset. Basic assumptions about certain event is strategically changed or reframed to reduce negative outcome of the event. This might involve restructuring of words to change their meanings about worrisome event. The bothersome unnecessary thoughts are displaced by good and pleasing thoughts. This optimistic interpretation would help to sound and feel more pleasant about the same situation. The stressed individual should edit the situation by d eleting the undesirable aspects in mental process, and make the condition more favorable (Pargman, 2006, p. 145). Reducing of thought errors is a difficult,

Types of Market Research to Undertake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Types of Market Research to Undertake - Essay Example The macro-environment involves interactions with technological, socio-cultural, political and economic factors that emanate from without the company’s setting. For instance, since the market for ice ball moulds faces competition from other companies, the following types of research are suggested to be carried out (Loudon et al, 2006, p8). Research will be carried out to determine the level of market penetration by the company and the likelihood of reaching the most remote prospective customer. By facilitating research for market penetration by the company and its competitors, the company will be ensuring that the current market share is maintained and stretched if possible. Research recommendations would give such policies as competitive pricing as well as an aggressive sales promotion for the Soccer Ball Football Ice Mold. The company will ensure that the market dominance is secured by meeting customers’ demand and preferences. Increase in customer orders will be targe ted for research to come with solutions some of which could include loyalty scheme introduction. The existing logistics and distribution networks can be assessed to provide alternative distribution techniques to enhance market development. Product development will be analyzed to determine if the name Soccer Ball Football Ice Mold is enough competitive as a brand name. Market diversification is also another channel to unravel market potential strategies. Research recommendations would give such policies as competitive pricing.

The Disabled and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Disabled and Society - Essay Example Furthermore, people with disabilities are sometimes neglected by family members and friends and finally in instances where these people seek power, they are not given an ear and this demoralizes them. In order for someone to prove that they have a disability, they must be in a position to prove that they have that impairment. Secondly, they must show how it hinders them in performing day-to-day activities. Finally, the person must prove that this impairment brings lasting and lifelong effects on their capabilities to handle their daily routines. It is defined, under the act, that a long-term impairment is one which has at least lasted for 12 months. Furthermore, in case one has a long-term ill health disability, like HIV, they are supposed to prove using medical pieces of evidence. The perspective of the medical mode towards the disables is that the hardship undergone by disabled people is inborn and they should struggle to ensure that they improve in order to live in harmony with other people3. The problem with this model is that it tends to see disabled people as liabilities to others and people who in one way or the other cannot do much without assistance. An obese person is a person who body has accumulated too many fats. Medically, a person with a more than 30 BMI is obese and in extreme cases a BMI of 40. According to the court ruling, obesity is a disability to a certain degree4. It is important to understand that obesity is not a disability. This is because, some people, who are obese, are living a good life. They have been employed and are not undergoing any challenge as far as obesity is concerned. However, obesity becomes a disability when it has shortcomings that can hinder the person from doing certain things. Secondly, it becomes a disability when it facilitates the occurrence of other impairments like skeletal and respiratory issues. People suffering from obese related problems are considered to be disabled.

Modern Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Modern Latin America - Essay Example The colonial age in the Latin world should be considered as the region’s most influential years: the laws, norms, movements and conflicts, were significantly influential in deciding the character of the land today. It is known that the Spanish people were the only prominent power that fought over the Latin world to acquire their control (Keen & Haynes, 2012). This is why they have some much influence even to the Latin world of today. As Spain’s political power was merged in the second half of the 16th century, so was its capacity to control and regulate the colonial economy. Functioning in line with the mercantilistic strictures of that era, Spain endeavored to capitalize on ventures through exporting valuable products, such as silver and later other agricultural commodities and minerals (Keen & Haynes, 2012). They also supplied the new colonial market with already manufactured goods in order to create an encouraging balance of trade for the Latin world. Nevertheless, t he strongly regulated trading dominion, based in Seville, was not always capable of providing the colonies effectively, and; therefore the Latin world later saws its independence (Edwards, 2010). This was after a number of successful fights against the Spanish army. Therefore, what changes marked the transition to independence? This paper will discuss the above question especially noting the issues of the Church, race, political legitimacy, neocolonialism, imperialism, sovereignty and national identity. Some of the three primary factors that this paper considers being the landmark of Latin America’s independence are the Catholic Church (separation of the church from the state), imperialism (a free market, the extension of public education and industrialization) and political legitimacy. Church The Church in Latin America bore the marks of its colonial and Iberian past following independence. Spain Catholics adopted a custom of strong faith, a vital doctrinal of enduring piety and knowledge (Keen & Haynes, 2012). Adherence itself was a means of knowledge because, in the Mass, people learnt the scriptures, the doctrines, as well as the secrets of the Catholic faith. Portugal broadcasted an orthodox Catholicism, as well, but with a lower degree of adherence and a less doctrinal knowledge. Everywhere, religion and faith in Latin America was a religious conviction of the citizens and the Church went to receive the observance and the admiration of the mestizos, Indians and other popular people (Edwards, 2010). Supreme groups were less devoted, and the prominent respect for the Church in the 19th century was the apostasy of the influential people, not the neglect of the masses. The Iberian convention in religion favored a well known, honored and a state-ran Church (Keen & Haynes, 2012). But, following independence, the church opted to separate itself from the states. The influential, wealthy and privileged people of the Church were perceived by the new states as an opponent focus of adherence, a source of revenue and a substitute power. The risk of state control emerged in a new form after independence (Edwards, 2010). The Church, therefore, had to look to its own assets and these, in the early 19th century, were thinning. The church was granted an advantaged position because it was also prevalent in Europe at that time. The entire region was typified by great rates of Catholicism after independence. Catholicism rates reached as high as 90% out of the entire Latin American population. Following independe

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 34

Essay Example Their movement is by hopping making them the largest animals to use such a locomotive mode. For them to hop properly they have long hide legs that make long jumps. At times they use their tails and the fore limbs to do crawl walking. They can reach a top speed of 70 kilometres per hour and when using moderate speed of e.g. 40 km/hr, they can go up to 2 kilometres (Judith 8 – 22). These animals have a pouch that they use in carrying their young ones for a period of about nine months. Kangaroos are of different types and they live in different habitats. There are the eastern gray ones that live in the east of Australia. They are particularly the heaviest and are mostly seen at night more than they are during the day. There is the red type that is found in almost all parts of Australia making it the most widely known. The other type is the ones in the west of Australia that are also gray (Knox 42 – 100). They are however smaller than their eastern counterparts and they are notably loud, slim and have males that have a distinct odour. They are therefore unique animals that need to be well taken care of especially their habitats. Civil rights in the USA and especially rights in reference to black people were the major centres of concern for Martin Luther King, Jr. (Kirk 2005). He is known to have championed the rights and freedom of the black people in the United States. he started his education in Georgia and after high school he went ahead to attain a Bachelor of Arts degree from a college where his father and grandfather also went through; Morehouse College in 1948. Luther later went to study theology for three years and later went to Boston University for a doctorate which saw him awarded a degree in 1955. Luther by 1955 had become a top official of the NAACP; an association that had been formed to champion the rights and freedoms of coloured people. He played a key role in the bus boycott that went for 382 days and that saw the segregation rule

Pretty woman is a conflicted tale about prostitution and dreams Essay Example for Free

Pretty woman is a conflicted tale about prostitution and dreams Essay Pretty woman is a conflicted tale about prostitution and dreams: how we prostitute ourselves to achieve our dreams; and how those dreams are defiled and compromised by our prostitution. Discuss. To prostitute oneself means that you sell yourself for a reward either money or something else. In the film there is a lot of prostituting occurring mainly for the characters in the film to achieve their dreams. Pretty woman is a modern day representation of the fairy tale Cinderella. Because the film has a fairy tale narrative then it means that the film has a lot to do with dreams and the make believe. All the characters in the film have a role and are all trying to achieve their own personal dreams. The two main characters in the film are both looking to find their dreams, which are two different things. Vivian is a character of great dignity and self respect this breaks the stereotype of a prostitute and is shown in many ways in the film.Vivian Wants the typical fairy tale that is swept of her feet by a brave dark stranger and to live happily ever after. But she also has a realistic dream where by she is able to live a higher standard of life instead of living in a apartment which she doesnt like and which she cant afford the rent for. Whereas Vivians dream is to make is dad jealous by becoming a successful business man and very wealthy. In both dreams the characters have to sacrifice different things to try and achieve their own dreams. Vivian has to sell her body as a prostitute to be able to afford the money to achieve her dream. Whereas Edward has had to sacrifice his soul and conscience to be able to get his dream, this means that he is able to develop lasting relationships. Through out the film we see what the characters within the film have had to do to achieve their dreams The first scene in the film is a business gathering where the main topics of conversation are either money or girls; these are the main ingredients of prostitution. The first line of the film is its all about money this sets up the fell of the film where he is saying that everything in life revolves around money and the lengths that people will go to get money to achieve their dreams. The first scene shows Edward on the phone sorting out business and is not interested in the party that is going on around him, this shows that he is giving up his social life and not spending time enjoying his wealth/dream as he is trying to arrange business. Then there is a contrast in lifestyles. The opening line of the next scene is Everyone comes to Hollywood for a dream this could be represented as Vivians Philosophy of life because straight after that scene the camera cuts to her. This also shows that everyone in Hollywood has a dream and different people are willing to go different lengths to achieve this dream. Vivian is shown as being in the lower social class and wants to get out of her current lifestyle which is her dream. When Edward pulls up in his very expensive car and asks Vivian for directions her first response is to ask for money again onto the fact that everything is for money. When the two are in the car Vivian is talking about money when and Edward comes out with the line I never joke about money this is very significant as it shows that he takes money very serious in hi life and see it as something that he cant joke about. In the film there is a contrast in lifestyles and also how close the two main characters are in their pursuit of their dreams. Edward is upper class and is living his dream (but he is not enjoying it). Whereas Vivian was nowhere near achieving her dream but is very happy with her personality and who she is, and throughout the film she may change her view on things but her personality remains the same throughout the film. So as she is living and achieving her dream she does not change yet I would think that Edwardss personality would have changed as he got closer to his dream. When Vivian enters the hotel she doesnt try to be posh but tries to play the stereotypical role of a prostitute when people look at her. But when she gets into the room she is amazed by the luxury and sees it as a dream compared to what type of living standards which she is used to. When the waiter brings the champagne and strawberries he waits for a tip which again shows that everything revolves around money in all cases, the waiter is a prostitute in a way because he delivers a surface of the exchange of money. Later in that night when Vivian is watching the tv and eating the strawberries Edward is at his desk doing work, and does not drink any alcohol this again shows how he has given up socialising and having a good time in pursuit of his dream. Every time Vivian walks through the hotel lobby she is looked down upon by the people in the lobby this causes her to put he dreams on hold as she realises that she doesnt fit in, in this lifestyle. When Vivian goes out shopping for expensive clothes the scene is step up as if it was actually a fairy tale, with the way in which it is day time sunny and the colours used are bright happy colours which you would associate with fairy tales, this could represent that Vivian is busy living her dream. But when she tries to buy some clothes and the staff of the shop asks her to leave she realises again that because of her past and background that she doesnt fit in that style of life. When she goes back to the hotel the hotel manger takes her aside and talks to her about her stay in the hotel and how she should dress appropriately etc. but when she explains what happened then instead of the manager just dismissing her he tries to help and sends her to a friend of his. The hotel manager is has also got a dream of his own, which he is living. His dream is to be hotel manager of the hotel. You can tell that he is very proud of his job because when he is talking the Edward he keeps stating that he is the hotel manager. Although he has reached his dream it is unclear what he has had to give up to achieve it because he is a kind man who gets on well with people. So this shows that not everyone has to give up something to achieve their dream and that people have different types of dreams depending on their personalities and ambitions. It may be said that the larger your dreams the more you have to prostitute to achieve them. At the polo match when Vivian is dressed like all the other woman in posh clothes (which she is starting to get used to) Edwards lawyer comes up to her and tells her that he knows she is a prostitute. This brings Vivian back down to reality and shatters the dream at which she is in as she is made to feel cheap and small and is not prepared for it. Later on Vivian is again made to feel like a prostitute but it is Edward how does it, when Vivian asks for her money he puts its on the bed instead of giving it to her (treats her with no respect). Vivian shows dignity and self respect because she does not take the money (although she really needs it) and would rather keep her dignity then have the money, this is different from Edwardss views and believes. When the two make up she says the line If people put you down, you start to believe it with shows that her dream is has been put down and that she has realised she had been living as false dream for a few days which has dramatically ended, by her choice. This shows that Vivian was not willing to compromise her dignity for her dreams. This is shown in the next seen also, when Edward takes Vivian out she is wearing a red dress. The colour red represents dignity respect and power these are the things which are shown in Vivians character. Although when at the opera she never looses sight of whom she is. As the relationship between the two gets more intimate then Edward begins to become more and more laid back and starts to enjoy his wealth and money more. This is shown throughout the film but the main change comes when Edward takes a day off work to spend it with Vivian, this is a complete contrast to the first scene where he was missing a party because of business. Vivian also brings out the best in his personality. You can tell this because in the first meeting with the shipping contractor where Edward is abrupt and Cleary states that he wants get dismantle the contractors business up and sell it off. But after a prolonged period of time with Vivian and at the next meeting of the two Edward changes his mind and offers go into business with the contractor instead. This is because Vivian is bringing out the best in him and also as a child he says he loved to build things and that all he had to show for his career was money instead of products. So before he wanted to get revenge at his farther he loved to build but as he got angrier with his farther he wanted to destroy things, but now that he wants to go into construction again shows that he is getting over his farther and moving on with his life and starting to get back to his original dream which was construction. The necklace that Edward loans out for Vivian is very symbolic. It is representing that he is selling himself to her through the expensive necklace. Also when he asks the hotel manager to take the necklace back for him he says it must be very difficult to let go of something so beautiful so again Vivian is represented through the necklace. Also in the opera scene the line me not work is said this shows that Edward is concentrating more on Vivian and enjoying himself rather then work and money which he did originally. The resolution of the story is the rescue of the princess by her prince charming. This is successfully completed by Edward arriving on a white horse (represented as a white limousine) and climbing up the castle wall that she has been trying to escape (the fire escape of her old flat) and rescue Vivian from a life of poverty. This is what she expressed her childhood dream as being. However, the two personal journeys of Edward and Vivian leave a more significant impact on the viewer. Edwards journey began with his father leaving him for another woman, and giving Edward a sense of rage whose only outlet is his business. This anger fuels his life, and indirectly leaves him a very rich man. Although Edwards business life is very successful, his personal life is a shambles. Edward has a fear of commitment. His journey in this film helps him let his guard down with Vivian, and he begins to overcome his fears. This personal growth leads him to a change of business strategies, resulting in a sense of closure regarding the old man hes trying to buy out of business. This old man represents what Edwards relationship with his father could have been, and when Edward changes tactics and decides to join forces with the old man, the man expresses the pride he feels, and Edward feels the anger begin to fade. Vivians journey takes her from poverty to riches, but she too has closed herself off emotionally. This closure is necessary for many professions, including prostitution, but its apparent from the beginning of this film that Edward isnt an ordinary client. Vivians journey leads her from a dead end job to the probability of furthering her education and looking towards a brighter future. Edward does more for Vivian than buy her things; he shows her that she is somebody special, and he gives her back her sense of the worth. The journeys of Edward and Vivian lead them to the end of the film, where they have resolved their internal conflicts and are free to love one another. Both characters in the film are pursuing their quest for their dreams. Edward had his but had to sacrifice his emotions to get it, and now with guidance from Vivian has is starting to restore them. Whereas Vivian had nothing and because of Edward has been able to live her dream and is still the same emotional person she was at the start of the film although the week has made her look at certain things through a different perspective.